Kassin S M, Rigby S, Castillo S R
Department of Psychology, Bronfman Science Center, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991 Nov;61(5):698-707. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.61.5.698.
This research extended Kassin's (1985) finding that retrospective self-awareness (RSA) increases the correlation between eyewitness accuracy and confidence. In Experiment 1, 91 mock witnesses saw a crime, answered questions, made an identification decision, and rated their confidence. RSA increased the accuracy-confidence correlation for witnesses who made an identification and for those who were high but not low in public self-consciousness. A 2nd experiment varied accountability and revealed that high accountability increased the accuracy-confidence correlation but that the RSA effect occurred even under low-accountability conditions. In both studies, observers could not distinguish between accurate and inaccurate witnesses. Together, these findings define the limits of the RSA effect and provide mixed support for a self-perception account of this effect.
本研究扩展了卡辛（1985年）的研究发现，即回顾性自我意识（RSA）会增强目击者准确性与信心之间的相关性。在实验1中，91名模拟目击者观看了一起犯罪事件，回答问题，做出身份识别决定，并对自己的信心进行评分。RSA提高了做出身份识别的目击者以及公众自我意识高而非低的目击者的准确性-信心相关性。第二个实验改变了问责程度，结果显示高问责性增加了准确性-信心相关性，但即使在低问责条件下RSA效应依然存在。在两项研究中，观察者都无法区分准确和不准确的目击者。这些发现共同界定了RSA效应的局限性，并为这种效应的自我认知解释提供了混合支持。
