McKone Thomas E, Castorina Rosemary, Harnly Martha E, Kuwabara Yu, Eskenazi Brenda, Bradman Asa
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, Center for Children's Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 May 1;41(9):3233-40. doi: 10.1021/es0618447.
We characterize cumulative intakes of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides in an agricultural region of California by drawing on human biomonitoring data, California pesticide use reporting (PUR) data, and limited environmental samples together with outputs from the CalTOX multimedia, multipathway, source-to-dose model. The study population is the CHAMACOS cohort of almost 600 pregnant Latina women in the Salinas Valley region. We use model estimates of OP intake and urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolite excretion to develop premises about relative contributions from different exposure sources and pathways. We evaluate these premises by comparing the magnitude and variation of DAPs in the CHAMACOS cohort with those of the whole U.S. population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This comparison supports the premise that diet is the common and dominant exposure pathway in both populations. Biomarker comparisons and model results support the observation that, relative to NHANES, the CHAMACOS population has a statistically significant (p < 0.001) added intake of OP pesticides with low inter-individual variability. We attribute the magnitude and small variance of this intake to residential nondietary exposures from local agricultural OP uses. These results show that mass-balance models can estimate exposures for OP pesticides within the range measured by biological monitoring.
我们利用人体生物监测数据、加利福尼亚州农药使用报告（PUR）数据、有限的环境样本以及CalTOX多介质、多途径、源到剂量模型的输出结果，对加利福尼亚州一个农业地区有机磷（OP）农药的累积摄入量进行了特征描述。研究人群是萨利纳斯山谷地区近600名怀孕拉丁裔妇女组成的CHAMACOS队列。我们使用OP摄入量和尿中二烷基磷酸酯（DAP）代谢物排泄的模型估计值，来推断不同暴露源和途径的相对贡献。我们通过使用来自美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，比较CHAMACOS队列中DAPs的大小和变化与全美国人群的DAPs大小和变化，来评估这些推断。这种比较支持了饮食是这两个人群中常见且主要的暴露途径这一推断。生物标志物比较和模型结果支持了以下观察结果：相对于NHANES，CHAMACOS人群的OP农药额外摄入量具有统计学显著性（p < 0.001），且个体间变异性较低。我们将这种摄入量的大小和小方差归因于当地农业OP使用造成的居住非饮食暴露。这些结果表明，质量平衡模型可以在生物监测测量的范围内估计OP农药的暴露量。
