Röper Andrea, Reichert Walter, Mattern Rainer
Institut für Rechtsmedizin und Verkehrsmedizin der Universität Heidelberg.
Arch Kriminol. 2007 Mar-Apr;219(3-4):98-104.
In the field of forensic DNA typing, the analysis of Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) can fail in cases of degraded DNA. The typing of coding region Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of the mitochondrial genome provides an approach to acquire additional information. In the examined case of aggravated theft, both suspects could be excluded of having left the analyzed hair on the crime scene by SNP typing. This conclusion was not possible subsequent to STR typing. SNP typing of the trace on the torch light left on the crime scene increased the likelihood for suspect no. 2 to be the origin of this trace. This finding was already indicated by STR analysis. Suspect no. 1 was excluded for being the origin of this trace by SNP typing which was also indicated by STR analysis. A limiting factor for the analysis of SNPs is the maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. Individualisation is not possible. In conclusion, it can be said that in the case of traces which cause problems with conventional STR typing the supplementary analysis of coding region SNPs from the mitochondrial genome is very reasonable and greatly contributes to the refinement of analysis methods in the field of forensic genetics.
在法医DNA分型领域，短串联重复序列（STR）分析在DNA降解的情况下可能会失败。线粒体基因组编码区单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的分型提供了一种获取额外信息的方法。在所调查的严重盗窃案件中，通过SNP分型可以排除两名嫌疑人在犯罪现场留下分析用毛发的可能性。STR分型之后无法得出这一结论。对留在犯罪现场的手电筒上的痕迹进行SNP分型增加了2号嫌疑人是该痕迹来源的可能性。这一发现已经由STR分析表明。通过SNP分型排除了1号嫌疑人是该痕迹来源的可能性，STR分析也表明了这一点。SNP分析的一个限制因素是线粒体DNA的母系遗传。无法进行个体识别。总之，可以说，在传统STR分型出现问题的痕迹案件中，对线粒体基因组编码区SNP进行补充分析是非常合理的，并且极大地有助于完善法医遗传学领域的分析方法。
