Fazio Lisa K, Marsh Elizabeth J
Duke University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC 27708-0086, USA.
Cognition. 2008 Feb;106(2):1081-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.04.012. Epub 2007 May 30.
Early school-aged children listened to stories that contained correct and incorrect facts. All ages answered more questions correctly after having heard the correct fact in the story. Only the older children, however, produced story errors on a later general knowledge test. Source errors did not drive the increased suggestibility in older children, as they were better at remembering source than were the younger children. Instead, different processes are involved in learning correct and incorrect facts from fictional sources. All ages benefited from hearing correct answers because they activated a pre-existing semantic network. Older children, however, were better able to form memories of the misinformation and thus showed greater suggestibility on the general knowledge test.
学龄前儿童听包含正确和错误事实的故事。所有年龄段的孩子在听完故事中的正确事实后,回答正确的问题更多。然而,只有年龄较大的孩子在随后的常识测试中出现了故事错误。来源错误并不是导致年龄较大孩子易受暗示性增加的原因,因为他们比年龄较小的孩子更擅长记住来源。相反,从虚构来源学习正确和错误事实涉及不同的过程。所有年龄段的孩子都从听到正确答案中受益,因为这些答案激活了预先存在的语义网络。然而,年龄较大的孩子能够更好地形成错误信息的记忆,因此在常识测试中表现出更大的易受暗示性。