EUS for detection of the hepatocellular carcinoma: results of a prospective study.

BACKGROUND

Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and accurate determination of the number of lesions are critical in determining eligibility for liver transplantation or resection. Current diagnostic modalities (CT and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) often miss small lesions.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the accuracy of the EUS with CT for the detection of primary tumors of the liver.

DESIGN

Prospective single-center study.

SETTING

Academic medical center.

PATIENTS

Subjects at high risk of HCC (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or alcoholic cirrhosis) were enrolled.

INTERVENTIONS

US, CT, MRI, and EUS examinations of the liver were performed. Liver lesions identified during EUS underwent EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA).

RESULTS

Seventeen patients were enrolled in the study. Nine of these patients had liver tumors (HCC, 8; cholangiocarcinoma, 1). EUS-FNA established a tissue diagnosis in 8 of the 9 cases. The diagnostic accuracy of US, CT, MRI, and EUS/EUS-FNA were 38%, 69%, 92%, and 94%, respectively. EUS detected a significantly higher number of nodular lesions than US (P = .03), CT (P = .002), and MRI (P = .04). For HCC lesions, a trend was observed in favor of EUS for the detection of more lesions than US (8 vs 2; P = .06) and CT (20 vs 8; P = .06). No complications were observed as a result of EUS-FNA.

LIMITATIONS

Small sample size.

CONCLUSIONS

EUS-FNA is a safe and accurate test for the diagnosis of HCC. EUS increases the accuracy of intrahepatic staging of the HCC by delineation of lesions, which are missed by CT and MRI. We recommend EUS for suspected HCC, particularly in cases that are being considered for liver transplantation.