Clatts Michael C, Giang Le M, Goldsamt Lloyd A, Yi Huso
Institute for International Research on Youth at Risk, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., New York, New York 10010, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2007 Jun;32(6 Suppl):S226-33. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.030.
This paper describes injection risk in an out-of-treatment population of young heroin users in Hanoi, Vietnam, including use of a soft-tissue portal known as a "cay ma" (injection sac).
Data from a large cross-sectional survey (N=1270) are used to describe the prevalence of this practice and its association with disease. Additionally, data from an ethnographic substudy on injectors serve to elaborate injectors' rationales for this injection practice.
This practice was common in this sample, appearing soon after initiation of habitual injection. Injectors report that this allows rapid and reliable access to a vein; strategic advantages in a dense urban environment where rapid injection, typically in public settings, is necessary to avoid discovery or arrest. Additionally, this practice is believed to mitigate risk for vein damage from co-morbid promethazine hydrochloride injection.
This practice may draw lymphocytes to injection sites, thereby increasing risk for transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Structural and behavioral interventions are needed for young heroin users in Vietnam.
本文描述了越南河内未接受治疗的年轻海洛因使用者群体中的注射风险，包括使用一种被称为“cay ma”（注射囊）的软组织进针部位。
来自一项大型横断面调查（N = 1270）的数据用于描述这种做法的流行情况及其与疾病的关联。此外，一项关于注射者的人种学子研究的数据用于详细阐述注射者采用这种注射方式的理由。
这种做法在该样本中很常见，在开始习惯性注射后不久就出现了。注射者报告说，这能快速且可靠地找到静脉；在人口密集的城市环境中具有战略优势，因为在公共场合通常需要快速注射以避免被发现或逮捕。此外，这种做法被认为可以降低因合并注射盐酸异丙嗪而导致静脉损伤的风险。
这种做法可能会将淋巴细胞吸引到注射部位，从而增加血源性病原体传播的风险。越南的年轻海洛因使用者需要进行结构和行为干预。
