Ortiz-Hernández Luis, López-Moreno Sergio, Borges Guilherme
Departamento en Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coyoacán, México, DF 04960, México.
Cad Saude Publica. 2007 Jun;23(6):1255-72. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2007000600002.
This study provides a review of the scientific output in Latin America concerning the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on mental disorders and drug use or addiction. International and regional databases were analyzed. According to the majority of the studies, adults and adolescents with low SES showed increased risk of mental disorders, and alcohol consumption was higher among individuals with high SES, while low SES was associated with alcohol abuse and addiction, although the evidence was less conclusive. Smoking was more frequent among young people with high SES, but in adults it was more common with low SES. Illicit drug use was more frequent among adults (but not adolescents) with low SES. Prescription drugs tended to be consumed by adults and adolescents with higher SES. Use of solvents was more frequent among low SES adolescents. The studies' observed trends and methodological aspects are also discussed.
本研究综述了拉丁美洲有关社会经济地位（SES）对精神障碍及药物使用或成瘾影响的科学成果。对国际和区域数据库进行了分析。根据大多数研究，社会经济地位低的成年人和青少年患精神障碍的风险增加，社会经济地位高的个体酒精消费量更高，而社会经济地位低与酒精滥用和成瘾有关，尽管证据不太确凿。社会经济地位高的年轻人吸烟更频繁，但在成年人中，社会经济地位低的人吸烟更普遍。社会经济地位低的成年人（而非青少年）非法药物使用更频繁。社会经济地位较高的成年人和青少年倾向于使用处方药。社会经济地位低的青少年使用溶剂的情况更频繁。还讨论了研究所观察到的趋势和方法学方面的问题。
