Primbs Toby, Simonich Staci, Schmedding David, Wilson Glenn, Jaffe Dan, Takami Akinori, Kato Shungo, Hatakeyama Shiro, Kajii Yoshizumi
Departments of Chemistry and Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 May 15;41(10):3551-8. doi: 10.1021/es062256w.
To estimate the emissions of anthropogenic semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) from East Asia and to identify unique SOC molecular markers in Asian air masses, high-volume air samples were collected on the island of Okinawa, Japan between 22 March and 2 May 2004. Contributions from different source regions (China, Japan, the Koreas, Russia, and ocean/local) were estimated by use of source region impact factors (SRIFs). Elevated concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorcyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were attributed to air masses from China. A large proportion of the variation in the current-use pesticides, gas-phase PAHs, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations was explained by meteorology. Chlordanes showed a technical mixture profile and similar concentrations regardless of source region. alpha/gamma HCH and trans/cis chlordane ratios did not vary significantly with different source regions and had regional averages of 2.5 +/- 1.0 and 1.2 +/- 0.3, respectively. Particulate-phase PAH concentrations were significantly correlated (p value < 0.05) with other incomplete combustion byproduct concentrations, including elemental mercury (Hg0), CO, NOx, black carbon, submicrometer aerosols, and SO2. By use of measured PAH, CO, and black carbon concentrations and estimated CO and black carbon emission inventories, the emission of six carcinogenic particulate-phase PAHs was estimated to be 1518-4179 metric tons/year for Asia and 778-1728 metric tons/year for China, respectively. These results confirm that East Asian outflow contains significant emissions of carcinogenic particulate-phase PAHs.
为估算东亚地区人为源半挥发性有机化合物（SOCs）的排放量，并识别亚洲气团中独特的SOC分子标志物，于2004年3月22日至5月2日在日本冲绳岛采集了大流量空气样本。利用源区影响因子（SRIFs）估算了不同源区（中国、日本、朝鲜半岛、俄罗斯以及海洋/本地）的贡献。六氯苯（HCB）、六氯环己烷（HCHs）、二氯二苯三氯乙烷（DDTs）以及颗粒相多环芳烃（PAHs）浓度的升高归因于来自中国的气团。当前使用的农药、气相PAHs以及多氯联苯（PCB）浓度变化的很大一部分可由气象因素解释。氯丹呈现出工业混合物特征，且无论源区如何，其浓度均相似。α/γ-HCH以及反式/顺式氯丹的比例在不同源区之间并无显著差异，区域平均值分别为2.5±1.0和1.2±0.3。颗粒相PAH浓度与其他不完全燃烧副产物浓度显著相关（p值<0.05），这些副产物包括元素汞（Hg0）、CO、NOx、黑碳、亚微米气溶胶以及SO2。利用测得的PAH、CO以及黑碳浓度以及估算的CO和黑碳排放清单，估计亚洲六类致癌颗粒相PAHs的排放量分别为1518 - 4179公吨/年，中国为778 - 1728公吨/年。这些结果证实东亚外流包含大量致癌颗粒相PAHs的排放。
