Lalani Tahaniyat, Hicks Charles
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, 34225 Hospital South, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2007 May;4(2):80-5. doi: 10.1007/s11904-007-0012-y.
The majority of HIV-1 infections are acquired sexually, and interventions to prevent sexual transmission are urgently needed to curb the growth of the HIV pandemic. The potential role of antiretroviral therapy in preventing sexual transmission of HIV is still emerging. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has been shown to decrease HIV RNA shedding in the genital tract, and its use among serodiscordant couples has been associated with reduced seroconversions in partners who are HIV negative. However, other studies have associated the use of antiretroviral therapy with increased HIV transmission risk behaviors. In this review, we explore the rationale for using highly active antiretroviral therapy to prevent sexual transmission of HIV including its role in prevention strategies at the population level, as well as the cost-effectiveness and potential limitations of this approach.
大多数HIV-1感染是通过性传播获得的，因此迫切需要采取干预措施来预防性传播，以遏制艾滋病大流行的蔓延。抗逆转录病毒疗法在预防性传播HIV方面的潜在作用仍在显现。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法已被证明可减少生殖道中的HIV RNA脱落，在血清学不一致的夫妻中使用该疗法与降低HIV阴性伴侣的血清转化有关。然而，其他研究将抗逆转录病毒疗法的使用与增加HIV传播风险行为联系起来。在本综述中，我们探讨了使用高效抗逆转录病毒疗法预防性传播HIV的基本原理，包括其在人群层面预防策略中的作用，以及这种方法的成本效益和潜在局限性。
