Schwebke Jane R, Desmond Renee
Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Jun;196(6):517.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.02.048.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) decreases the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Women with asymptomatic BV were studied prospectively to determine the effect of treatment of BV for the prevention of STD. Women were assigned randomly to observation or treatment and prophylaxis with intravaginal metronidazole gel. Women were screened monthly for STDs.
Women who were assigned randomly to receive metronidazole gel had a significantly longer time to the development of STDs compared with women in the observation group (P = .02). The 6-month STD rate was 1.58 per person-year (95% CI, 1.29, 1.87) for women in the metronidazole gel group vs 2.29 per person-year (95% CI, 1.95, 2.63) for women in the observational group. The difference in STD rates was driven by a significant difference in the number of chlamydial infections (P = .013).
Treatment and twice-weekly prophylactic use of intravaginal metronidazole gel resulted in significantly fewer cases of chlamydia.
本研究旨在确定细菌性阴道病（BV）的治疗是否会降低性传播疾病（STD）的发病率。
对无症状BV的女性进行前瞻性研究，以确定BV治疗对预防STD的效果。女性被随机分配至观察组或接受阴道内甲硝唑凝胶治疗及预防组。每月对女性进行STD筛查。
与观察组女性相比，随机分配接受甲硝唑凝胶治疗的女性发生STD的时间显著延长（P = 0.02）。甲硝唑凝胶组女性的6个月STD发病率为每人年1.58例（95%可信区间，1.29，1.87），而观察组女性为每人年2.29例（95%可信区间，1.95，2.63）。STD发病率的差异主要由衣原体感染数量的显著差异所致（P = 0.013）。
阴道内使用甲硝唑凝胶进行治疗及每周两次的预防性使用，可使衣原体感染病例显著减少。
