Préndez Margarita, Lara-González Scarlette
Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Olivos 1007, Santiago, Chile.
J Environ Manage. 2008 Sep;88(4):658-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.03.041. Epub 2007 Jun 4.
Greenhouse gases (GHG), basically methane (CH(4)), carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O), occur at atmospheric concentrations of ppbv to ppmv under natural conditions. GHG have long mean lifetimes and are an important factor for the mean temperature of the Earth. However, increasing anthropogenic emissions could produce a scenario of progressive and cumulative effects over time, causing a potential "global climate change". Biological degradation of the organic matter present in wastewater is considered one of the anthropogenic sources of GHG. In this study, GHG emissions for the period 1990-2027 were estimated considering the sanitation process and the official domestic wastewater treatment startup schedule approved for the Metropolitan Region (MR) of Santiago, Chile. The methodology considers selected models proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and some others published by different authors; these were modified according to national conditions and different sanitation and temporal scenarios. For the end of the modeled period (2027), results show emissions of about 65 Tg CO(2) equiv./year (as global warming potential), which represent around 50% of national emissions. These values could be reduced if certain sanitation management strategies were introduced in the environmental management by the sanitation company in charge of wastewater treatment.
温室气体（GHG），主要是甲烷（CH₄）、二氧化碳（CO₂）和一氧化二氮（N₂O），在自然条件下以十亿分比体积（ppbv）到百万分比体积（ppmv）的浓度存在于大气中。温室气体具有较长的平均寿命，是影响地球平均温度的一个重要因素。然而，人为排放的增加可能会随着时间的推移产生渐进性和累积性影响的情况，导致潜在的“全球气候变化”。废水中存在的有机物的生物降解被认为是温室气体的人为来源之一。在本研究中，考虑到智利圣地亚哥大都市区（MR）的卫生处理过程和官方批准的家庭污水处理启动时间表，对1990 - 2027年期间的温室气体排放进行了估算。该方法考虑了政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）提出的选定模型以及其他不同作者发表的一些模型；并根据国情以及不同的卫生和时间情景对这些模型进行了修改。在模拟期结束时（2027年），结果显示排放量约为65太克二氧化碳当量/年（作为全球变暖潜能值），约占国家排放量的50%。如果负责污水处理的卫生公司在环境管理中引入某些卫生管理策略，这些数值可能会降低。
