Everett Gregory E, Joe Olmi D, Edwards Ron P, Tingstrom Daniel H, Sterling-Turner Heather E, Christ Theodore J
Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026-1121, USA.
Behav Modif. 2007 Jul;31(4):412-34. doi: 10.1177/0145445506297725.
The present study evaluates the effectiveness of two time-out (TO) procedures in reducing escape-maintained noncompliance of 4 children. Noncompliant behavioral function was established via a functional assessment (FA), including indirect and direct descriptive procedures and brief confirmatory experimental analyses. Following FA, parents were taught to consequate noncompliance with two different TO procedures, one without and one with escape extinction following TO release. Although results indicate TO without escape extinction is effective in increasing compliance above baseline levels, more optimal levels of compliance were obtained for all 4 children when escape extinction was added to the TO procedures already in place. Results indicate efficacy of TO with escape extinction when applied to escape-maintained noncompliance and are discussed as an initial example of the successful application of TO to behaviors maintained by negative reinforcement.
本研究评估了两种暂停（TO）程序在减少4名儿童逃避维持的不依从行为方面的有效性。通过功能评估（FA）确定不依从行为的功能，包括间接和直接描述性程序以及简短的验证性实验分析。在功能评估之后，教导父母对不依从行为采用两种不同的暂停程序进行处理，一种是在暂停结束后不进行逃避消退，另一种是在暂停结束后进行逃避消退。尽管结果表明，不进行逃避消退的暂停程序在将依从性提高到基线水平以上方面是有效的，但当在现有的暂停程序中加入逃避消退时，所有4名儿童都获得了更理想的依从水平。结果表明，带有逃避消退的暂停程序在应用于逃避维持的不依从行为时是有效的，并作为将暂停程序成功应用于由负强化维持的行为的一个初步例子进行了讨论。
