Townshend J M, Duka T
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Aug;31(8):1349-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00429.x. Epub 2007 Jun 5.
Previous research has shown an attentional bias toward drug-related stimuli in heavy social drinkers. Attentional orientation to drug-related cues may lead to increased craving and preoccupation with the drug and impaired ability to focus attention on nondrug-related activities, resulting in renewed drug taking or relapse from drug abstinence.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether alcohol-dependent inpatients would differ in their selective attention toward alcohol-related stimuli in comparison with a group of social drinking controls.
Thirty-five alcohol-dependent inpatients were compared with a group of 39 social drinking controls matched for age, sex, and verbal IQ. Attentional bias was assessed using alcohol-related pictures in a dot probe detection task. Questionnaires were used to examine outcome expectancies after alcohol consumption, anxiety, mood, and craving.
The alcoholic inpatients showed a bias away from the alcohol-related stimuli, scored higher on alcohol outcome expectancies, and on anxiety measures (both state and trait). They also presented with more negative mood compared with the control group. Craving was higher in the alcoholic group for the factor "loss of control over drinking."
Alcoholic inpatients undergoing treatment based on the 12-step treatment of Alcoholics Anonymous (Minnesota model), which includes counseling, and intensive group, individual, and family psychotherapy, show an avoidance for drug-related stimuli and a perception of loss of control over drinking. We suggest that their increased perception of loss of control over drinking produces the avoidance from the drug-related stimuli.
先前的研究表明，重度社交饮酒者对与药物相关的刺激存在注意力偏差。对与药物相关线索的注意力定向可能会导致对药物的渴望增加、过度关注，以及将注意力集中在与非药物相关活动上的能力受损，从而导致再次吸毒或复吸。
本研究的目的是调查与一组社交饮酒对照者相比，酒精依赖住院患者对与酒精相关刺激的选择性注意力是否存在差异。
将35名酒精依赖住院患者与一组在年龄、性别和语言智商方面匹配的39名社交饮酒对照者进行比较。在点探测任务中使用与酒精相关的图片评估注意力偏差。使用问卷来检查饮酒后的结果预期、焦虑、情绪和渴望。
酒精依赖住院患者表现出远离与酒精相关刺激的偏差，在酒精结果预期和焦虑测量（状态和特质）方面得分更高。与对照组相比，他们还表现出更多的消极情绪。酒精依赖组在“饮酒失控”因素上的渴望更高。
接受基于戒酒互助会12步治疗（明尼苏达模式）的住院酒精依赖患者，包括咨询以及强化的团体、个体和家庭心理治疗，表现出对与药物相关刺激的回避以及对饮酒失控的认知。我们认为，他们对饮酒失控的认知增加导致了对与药物相关刺激的回避。
