Polman Remco, Rowcliffe Naomi, Borkoles Erika, Levy Andrew
Dept of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, The University of Hull, UK.
Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2007 Feb;19(1):39-50. doi: 10.1123/pes.19.1.39.
This study investigated the nature of the relationship between precompetitive state anxiety (CSAI-2C), subjective (race position) and objective (satisfaction) performance outcomes, and self-rated causal attributions (CDS-IIC) for performance in competitive child swimmers. Race position, subjective satisfaction, self-confidence, and, to a lesser extent, cognitive state anxiety (but not somatic state anxiety) were associated with the attributions provided by the children for their swimming performance. The study partially supported the self-serving bias hypothesis; winners used the ego-enhancing attributional strategy, but the losers did not use an ego-protecting attributional style. Age but not gender appeared to influence the attributions provided in achievement situations.
本研究调查了赛前状态焦虑（CSAI - 2C）、主观（比赛名次）和客观（满意度）表现结果以及竞技儿童游泳运动员对其表现的自评因果归因（CDS - IIC）之间关系的本质。比赛名次、主观满意度、自信心，以及在较小程度上的认知状态焦虑（而非躯体状态焦虑）与儿童对其游泳表现所做的归因有关。该研究部分支持了自我服务偏差假说；获胜者采用了增强自我的归因策略，但失败者并未采用自我保护的归因方式。年龄而非性别似乎会影响在成就情境中所做的归因。
