Sport Sciences Department, Instituto Superior de Ciências Educativas (ISCE), 2620-379 Ramada, Portugal.
Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 27;18(9):4637. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094637.
Psychological aspects like anxiety, injuries' effects, professional psychological support (PPS), psychological training (PT), or athlete-coach relationships could influence shooters' performance. This study tried to determine which aspects were critical from the shooters' perspective. Eight elite shooters were interviewed. After using qualitative methods, the following categories were obtained: importance of PT; anxiety and competition relationship; mental preparation; PPS; stress during training; injuries' psychological effects and coach's influence. PT is important for shooter's performance, being PPS a key aspect. Moreover, anxiety levels are critical, raising during the pre-competitive period and oscillating during competition. Furthermore, shooters considered more effective the stress placed on training by the coach than by themselves. Accordingly, the coach plays a key role. Surprisingly, injuries did not affect shooters psychologically, nor in their competitive performance. We conclude that the combination of PPS, shooter competitive experience and the optimal coach's work can promote a greater performance in Olympic shooting.
心理方面，如焦虑、伤病影响、专业心理支持（PPS）、心理训练（PT）或运动员与教练的关系，都可能影响射手的表现。本研究试图确定从射手的角度来看哪些方面是关键的。采访了 8 名精英射手。使用定性方法后，得到了以下类别：PT 的重要性；焦虑与比赛的关系；心理准备；PPS；训练中的压力；伤病的心理影响和教练的影响。PT 对射手的表现很重要，PPS 是一个关键方面。此外，焦虑水平是关键，在赛前阶段会升高，并在比赛中波动。此外，射手们认为教练在训练中施加的压力比自己施加的压力更有效。因此，教练起着关键作用。令人惊讶的是，伤病并没有对射手的心理和比赛表现产生影响。我们的结论是，PPS、射手的比赛经验和教练的最佳工作相结合，可以促进奥运射击比赛取得更大的成绩。
