Jürimäe Jaak, Haljaste Kaja, Cicchella Antonio, Lätt Evelin, Purge Priit, Leppik Aire, Jürimäe Toivo
Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coacing Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu Estonia.
Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2007 Feb;19(1):70-81. doi: 10.1123/pes.19.1.70.
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the energy cost of swimming, body composition, and technical parameters on swimming performance in young swimmers. Twenty-nine swimmers, 15 prepubertal (11.9 +/- 0.3 years; Tanner Stages 1-2) and 14 pubertal (14.3 +/- 1.4 years; Tanner Stages 3-4) boys participated in the study. The energy cost of swimming (Cs) and stroking parameters were assessed over maximal 400-m front-crawl swimming in a 25-m swimming pool. The backward extrapolation technique was used to evaluate peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). A stroke index (SI; m2 . s(-1) . cycles(-1)) was calculated by multiplying the swimming speed by the stroke length. VO2peak results were compared with VO2peak test in the laboratory (bicycle, 2.86 +/- 0.74 L/min, vs. in water, 2.53 +/- 0.50 L/min; R2 = .713; p = .0001). Stepwise-regression analyses revealed that SI (R2 = .898), in-water VO2peak (R2 = .358), and arm span (R2 = .454) were the best predictors of swimming performance. The backward-extrapolation method could be used to assess VO2peak in young swimmers. SI, arm span, and VO2peak appear to be the major determinants of front-crawl swimming performance in young swimmers.
本研究的目的是探讨游泳能量消耗、身体成分和技术参数对年轻游泳运动员游泳成绩的影响。29名男性游泳运动员参与了该研究，其中15名青春期前男孩（11.9±0.3岁；坦纳分期1 - 2期），14名青春期男孩（14.3±1.4岁；坦纳分期3 - 4期）。在25米游泳池中进行最长400米的自由泳测试，评估游泳的能量消耗（Cs）和划水参数。采用向后外推技术评估最大摄氧量（VO2peak）。通过将游泳速度乘以划水长度来计算划水指数（SI；m2·s(-1)·cycles(-1)）。将VO2peak结果与实验室中的VO2peak测试结果进行比较（自行车测试，2.86±0.74升/分钟，水中测试，2.53±0.50升/分钟；R2 = 0.713；p = 0.0001）。逐步回归分析显示，划水指数（R2 = 0.898）、水中VO2peak（R2 = 0.358）和臂展（R2 = 0.454）是游泳成绩的最佳预测指标。向后外推法可用于评估年轻游泳运动员的VO2peak。划水指数、臂展和VO2peak似乎是年轻游泳运动员自由泳成绩的主要决定因素。
