Chatard J C, Lavoie J M, Lacour J R
Laboratoire de Physiologie, GIP Exercice, Faculté de Médecine, Sant-Etienne, France.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;61(1-2):88-92. doi: 10.1007/BF00236699.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between swimming economy, energy cost to move the body per unit distance (CS) at a given velocity (v) and the potential determinants, i.e. performance level, body size, swimming technique and v. A total of 101 males were studied. Three performance levels (A, B, C) were determined, ranging from the slower (A) to the faster times (B, C). At level C and at 1.1 m.s-1, CS 1.1, was reduced by 55% and 25% when compared with levels A and B and when calculated per unit of surface area (SA) and unit of hydrostatic lift (HL). For the whole group of swimmers, CS 1.1 = 21.88 SA-2.15 HL + 5.9 (r = 0.56, P less than 0.01). Among the 101 swimmers, three other groups were selected to evaluate specifically the influence of arm length and swimming technique on CS, i.e. arm or leg swimmers and sprinters versus long-distance swimmers, CS was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower for long-arm swimmers, arm and long-distance swimmers than for short-arm, leg and sprint swimmers by 12%, SD 3.3%, 15%, SD 3.8% and 16.5%, SD 3%, respectively. For all groups, CS increased with v on average by 10% every 0.1 m.s-1. It is concluded that technical ability cannot be interpreted directly from CS. Performance levels, body size, swimming technique and v at which the measurements are obtained must be also taken into account.
本研究的目的是调查游泳经济性、在给定速度（v）下移动身体每单位距离的能量消耗（CS）与潜在决定因素之间的关系，即运动水平、身体尺寸、游泳技术和v。共对101名男性进行了研究。确定了三个运动水平（A、B、C），从较慢水平（A）到较快水平（B、C）。在C水平和1.1米/秒的速度下，与A、B水平相比，按单位表面积（SA）和单位静水升力（HL）计算时，CS 1.1分别降低了55%和25%。对于整个游泳者群体，CS 1.1 = 21.88 SA - 2.15 HL + 5.9（r = 0.56，P < 0.01）。在这101名游泳者中，另外选择了三组来专门评估臂长和游泳技术对CS的影响，即臂泳或腿泳者以及短跑运动员与长距离游泳运动员，长臂游泳者、臂泳和长距离游泳运动员的CS显著（P < 0.05）低于短臂、腿泳和短跑游泳运动员，分别低12%、标准差3.3%、15%、标准差3.8%和16.5%、标准差3%。对于所有组，CS平均每0.1米/秒的速度增加10%。得出的结论是，不能直接从CS来解释技术能力。还必须考虑获得测量值时的运动水平、身体尺寸、游泳技术和速度。
