Economou Alexandra, Papageorgiou Sokratis G, Karageorgiou Clementine, Vassilopoulos Dimitrios
Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Cogn Behav Neurol. 2007 Jun;20(2):99-106. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0b013e31804c6fe7.
To (a) compare patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), mild Alzheimer disease (AD), and a group of healthy elderly persons on nonepisodic memory measures; (b) examine which measures are independent of level of education in the groups studied.
Episodic memory impairment is a cardinal feature of preclinical AD. However, a number of other cognitive measures are also sensitive to the preclinical stage of AD and deficits in multiple domains characterize AD several years before clinical diagnosis.
Patients with amnestic MCI (N=31), patients with mild probable AD (N=15), and healthy elderly controls (N=27) were compared on nonepisodic memory tasks measuring fluid intelligence, working memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, and visual-perceptual and motor functions. Amnestic MCI patients were selected based on clinical criteria and a subgroup was also selected based on psychometric criteria.
Multivariate analyses of covariance, controlling for the effects of age, education, and sex, showed that fluid intelligence, working memory, processing speed, semantic fluency, visual-perceptual function, and complex motor function were significantly worse in the MCI than the elderly control group. Working memory, processing speed, semantic fluency, and complex motor tasks were significantly worse in the mild probable AD than the MCI group. The analyses were corroborated using the psychometrically derived MCI group.
(a) Performance on multiple nonepisodic memory measures is affected in the preclinical stage of AD, indicating that broad cognitive impairment characterizes that stage. (b) Complex motor tasks were independent of level of education in our sample, and may have practical utility in the early detection of dementia.
(a) 比较遗忘型轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者、轻度阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者及一组健康老年人在非情节性记忆测量方面的表现；(b) 研究在所研究的组中哪些测量不受教育水平的影响。
情节性记忆障碍是临床前期AD的主要特征。然而，许多其他认知测量对AD的临床前期阶段也很敏感，并且在临床诊断前数年，多个领域的缺陷就已成为AD的特征。
比较遗忘型MCI患者（N = 31）、轻度可能AD患者（N = 15）和健康老年对照组（N = 27）在测量流体智力、工作记忆、处理速度、语言流畅性以及视觉感知和运动功能的非情节性记忆任务上的表现。遗忘型MCI患者根据临床标准选取，还根据心理测量标准选取了一个亚组。
在控制年龄、教育和性别影响的多变量协方差分析中，结果显示，MCI组在流体智力、工作记忆、处理速度、语义流畅性、视觉感知功能和复杂运动功能方面显著差于老年对照组。轻度可能AD组在工作记忆、处理速度、语义流畅性和复杂运动任务方面显著差于MCI组。使用心理测量得出的MCI组对分析结果进行了验证。
(a) 在AD临床前期阶段，多项非情节性记忆测量的表现会受到影响，这表明该阶段具有广泛的认知障碍特征。(b) 在我们的样本中，复杂运动任务不受教育水平的影响，可能在痴呆的早期检测中具有实际应用价值。
