Corbo Ilaria, Casagrande Maria
Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy.
Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica, Clinica e Salute, Università di Roma Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2022 Feb 23;11(5):1204. doi: 10.3390/jcm11051204.
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a moderate decline in one or more cognitive functions with a preserved autonomy in daily life activities. MCI exhibits cognitive, behavioral, psychological symptoms. The executive functions (EFs) are key functions for everyday life and physical and mental health and allow for the behavior to adapt to external changes. Higher-level executive functions develop from basic EFs (inhibition, working memory, attentional control, and cognitive flexibility). They are planning, reasoning, problem solving, and fluid intelligence (Gf). This systematic review investigates the relationship between higher-level executive functions and healthy and pathological aging, assuming the role of executive functions deficits as a predictor of cognitive decline. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA Statement. A total of 73 studies were identified. The results indicate that 65.8% of the studies confirm significant EFs alterations in MCI (56.8% planning, 50% reasoning, 100% problem solving, 71.4% fluid intelligence). These results seem to highlight a strong prevalence of higher-level executive functions deficits in MCI elderly than in healthy elderly.
轻度认知障碍（MCI）是一种临床综合征，其特征是一种或多种认知功能出现中度下降，而日常生活活动中的自主能力保持完好。MCI表现出认知、行为、心理症状。执行功能（EFs）是日常生活以及身心健康的关键功能，使行为能够适应外部变化。高级执行功能由基本执行功能（抑制、工作记忆、注意力控制和认知灵活性）发展而来。它们包括计划、推理、问题解决和流体智力（Gf）。本系统评价研究高级执行功能与健康衰老和病理性衰老之间的关系，假设执行功能缺陷是认知衰退的预测指标。本系统评价按照PRISMA声明进行。共纳入73项研究。结果表明，65.8%的研究证实MCI存在显著的执行功能改变（计划方面为56.8%，推理方面为50%，问题解决方面为100%，流体智力方面为71.4%）。这些结果似乎凸显了MCI老年人中高级执行功能缺陷的患病率高于健康老年人。
