Andreeva Tatiana I, Krasovsky Konstantin S, Semenova Daria S
School of Public Health, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kiev, Ukraine.
BMC Public Health. 2007 Jun 11;7:106. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-106.
To estimate the impact of smoking restrictions in homes and schools, and tobacco advertising and information on smoking initiation by young people in Ukraine.
Data of 609 young people aged 15-29 was taken from the national representative survey conducted in June 2005.
The reported age of cigarette initiation was used to characterize the start of smoking experimentation, and the reported age of daily smoking initiation was considered to be a characteristic of established smoking.
survival analysis Cox proportional hazard regression models were used.
Age of smoking initiation was reported by 87% of young men and 61% of young women, the beginning of daily smoking by 71% and 33% respectively. Being frequently exposed to second-hand smoke and having no household smoking restrictions was associated with a higher risk of earlier smoking initiation both for men and women. For women, this risk was associated with age, HR = 0.95, (95% CI 0.91-0.98), that is, younger girls were more likely to smoke their first cigarette earlier in their lifetime. Those women had a higher risk of early smoking initiation who reported to receive tobacco-related information from magazines, HR = 1.40 (1.01-1.92), and outdoor tobacco advertising, HR = 1.99 (1.45-2.75). With both men and women, the risk of establishing daily smoking was higher in those with lower levels of tobacco-related knowledge and less household smoking restrictions. For women, the risk was higher in those who live in larger cities HR = 1.77 (1.10-2.86), and who received information about tobacco smoking from colleagues or friends HR = 1.83 (1.13-2.95).
Encouraging people to eliminate their homes of tobacco smoke and tobacco advertising bans can be effective measures in preventing the initiation of smoking among young people. Young female smoking initiation is of special concern in Ukraine, since they are more responsive to tobacco marketing and pro-smoking peer influence.
评估乌克兰家庭和学校的吸烟限制以及烟草广告和信息对年轻人开始吸烟的影响。
609名年龄在15至29岁之间的年轻人的数据取自2005年6月进行的全国代表性调查。
报告的开始吸烟年龄用于表征开始吸烟尝试的情况，报告的开始每日吸烟年龄被视为确立吸烟行为的一个特征。
采用生存分析Cox比例风险回归模型。
87%的年轻男性和61%的年轻女性报告了开始吸烟的年龄，分别有71%和33%的人报告了开始每日吸烟的年龄。男性和女性经常接触二手烟且家中没有吸烟限制与更早开始吸烟的风险较高有关。对于女性来说，这种风险与年龄相关，风险比（HR）=0.95，（95%置信区间0.91 - 0.98），也就是说，年龄较小的女孩在其一生中更早吸食第一支烟的可能性更大。那些报告从杂志上获得与烟草相关信息的女性更早开始吸烟的风险较高，风险比=1.40（1.01 - 1.92），以及接触户外烟草广告的女性，风险比=1.99（1.45 - 2.75）。对于男性和女性来说，烟草相关知识水平较低且家中吸烟限制较少的人确立每日吸烟行为的风险较高。对于女性来说，居住在大城市的人风险较高，风险比=1.77（1.10 - 2.86），以及从同事或朋友那里获得吸烟信息的人风险较高，风险比=1.83（1.13 - 2.95）。
鼓励人们使家中无烟以及实施烟草广告禁令可能是预防年轻人开始吸烟的有效措施。在乌克兰，年轻女性开始吸烟尤其值得关注，因为她们对烟草营销和支持吸烟的同伴影响更敏感。
