Aryal Umesh Raj, Bhatta Dharma Nand
Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Department of Public Health, Pokhara University, Nobel College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal ; Faculty of Medicine, Epidemiology Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Thailand.
Tob Induc Dis. 2015 Jul 31;13(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s12971-015-0044-9. eCollection 2015.
Perceptions of smoking-related health risks and benefits among young adults (18-24 years) and their smoking behaviour have not been adequately studied in low-income countries like Nepal. This study has examined the perceived risks and the benefits of smoking among young adults who smoke vs. don't smoke.
A cross-sectional study was carried out from August to September 2013 among 315 young adults (18-24) from four conveniently selected private colleges of different faculties in Kathmandu Metropolis. The anonymous, self-administrated and semi structured questionnaire contained the information on individual information; smoking behaviour; and perceptions on smoking-related risks and benefits. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to identify the mean age of smoking initiation. Cox proportion hazard regression was used to assess the relationship between current smoking behaviours and the perceived risks and the benefits of smoking.
Overall, the prevalence of current smoking was 16.2 % (Male =28.4 % and female =5.38 %). The mean age of smoking initiation was 16.6 and 17.7 years for male and female respectively. The risk of becoming a current smoking being a management student was higher (HR = 4.72, 95 % CI: 2.19; 10.20) than being a medical student. The risk of current smoking behaviour significantly increased with those who believed that smoking was enjoyable (HR = 4.74, 2.58; 8.72); would help to deal with problems or stress (3.19, 1.76; 5.79); would feel comfortable with friends (4.29, 2.33; 7.92); would be relaxing (6.95, 3.60; 13.43); and something to do when feel bored (3.42, 1.91; 6.13). The young adults who believed that smoking would make yellow teeth (0.53, 0.30; 0.94) and yellow nail (0.53, 0.29; 0.95); and would be bad to their health (0.45, 0.21; 0.98) were significantly at lower risk of becoming a current smoking.
Positive perceptions related to smoking are common among young adults. To discourage smoking, future intervention programs should focus communicating not only health risks but also counteract perception of benefits related to smoking.
在尼泊尔这样的低收入国家，尚未对18至24岁的年轻人对吸烟相关健康风险和益处的认知及其吸烟行为进行充分研究。本研究调查了吸烟与不吸烟的年轻人对吸烟风险和益处的认知情况。
2013年8月至9月，在加德满都谷地四所不同学科的私立学院中，对315名18至24岁的年轻人开展了一项横断面研究。匿名的自填式半结构化问卷包含个人信息、吸烟行为以及对吸烟相关风险和益处的认知等信息。采用Kaplan-Meier分析确定开始吸烟的平均年龄。采用Cox比例风险回归评估当前吸烟行为与对吸烟风险和益处的认知之间的关系。
总体而言，当前吸烟率为16.2%（男性为28.4%，女性为5.38%）。男性和女性开始吸烟的平均年龄分别为16.6岁和17.7岁。管理专业学生成为当前吸烟者的风险（风险比=4.72，95%置信区间：2. 19；10.20）高于医学专业学生。认为吸烟令人愉悦（风险比=4.74，2.58；8.72）、有助于解决问题或缓解压力（3.19，1.76；5.79）、与朋友在一起时感觉自在（4.29，2.33；7.92）、能放松身心（6.95，3.60；13.43）以及无聊时有事可做（3.42，1.91；6,13）的人，当前吸烟行为的风险显著增加。认为吸烟会导致牙齿变黄（0.53，0.30；0.94）、指甲变黄（0.53，0.29；0.95）以及对健康有害（0.45，）的年轻人成为当前吸烟者的风险显著降低。
年轻人中普遍存在与吸烟相关的积极认知。为了劝阻吸烟，未来的干预项目不仅应着重宣传健康风险，还应消除与吸烟相关的益处认知。
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