Horton William S, Spieler Daniel H
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University.
School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology.
Psychol Aging. 2007 Jun;22(2):281-290. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.22.2.281.
This article reports an experiment examining the extent to which younger and older speakers engage in audience design, the process of adapting one's speech for particular addresses. Through an initial card-matching task, pairs of younger adults and pairs of older adults established common ground for sets of picture cards. Subsequently, the same individuals worked separately on a computer-based picture-description task that involved a novel partner-cuing paradigm. Younger speakers' descriptions to the familiar partner were shorter and were initiated more quickly than were descriptions to an unfamiliar partner. In addition, younger speakers' descriptions to the familiar partner exhibited a higher proportion of lexical overlap with previous descriptions than did descriptions to an unfamiliar partner. Older speakers showed no equivalent evidence for audience design, which may reflect difficulties with retrieving partner-specific information from memory during conversation.
本文报道了一项实验，该实验考察了年轻和年长的说话者在多大程度上进行受众设计，即根据特定受众调整自己言语的过程。通过最初的卡片匹配任务，年轻成年人对和年长成年人对为几组图片卡片建立了共同基础。随后，同样的个体分别进行基于计算机的图片描述任务，该任务涉及一种新颖的伙伴提示范式。年轻说话者对熟悉伙伴的描述比他们对不熟悉伙伴的描述更简短，且开始得更快。此外，年轻说话者对熟悉伙伴的描述与之前描述的词汇重叠比例高于对不熟悉伙伴的描述。年长说话者没有表现出同等的受众设计证据，这可能反映出在对话过程中从记忆中检索特定伙伴信息存在困难。
