Hiscock Merrill
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5022, USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2007 Jul;29(5):514-29. doi: 10.1080/13803390600813841.
Evidence from several nations indicates that performance on mental ability tests is rising from one generation to the next, and that this "Flynn effect" has been operative for more than a century. No satisfactory explanation has been found. Nevertheless, the phenomenon has important implications for clinical utilization of IQ tests. This article summarizes the empirical basis of the Flynn effect, arguments about the nature of the skill that is increasing, and proposed explanations for the cause of the increase. Ramifications for clinical neuropsychology are discussed, and some of the broader implications for psychology and society are noted.
来自多个国家的证据表明,一代人与一代人相比,心理能力测试的成绩在不断提高,而且这种“弗林效应”已经存在了一个多世纪。目前尚未找到令人满意的解释。然而,这一现象对智商测试的临床应用具有重要意义。本文总结了弗林效应的实证基础、关于能力增长本质的争论以及对增长原因的解释。文中讨论了其对临床神经心理学的影响,并指出了对心理学和社会的一些更广泛的影响。