Salama I, Malone P S, Mihaimeed F, Jones J L
Newham University Hospital, London, UK.
Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008 Apr;34(4):357-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2007.04.009. Epub 2007 Jun 13.
In the quest to reduce mortality and morbidity from cancer, there is continued effort to identify novel biomarkers to aid in the early detection and the accurate prediction of tumour behaviour. One group of proteins that is emerging as a potentially important group of markers in multiple tumour types is the S100 family. This review summarises the biological and clinical relevance of these proteins in relation to different tumour types.
A literature search was performed using the PubMed database and the reference lists of relevant articles. Single case studies were excluded and only reports with a clinical relevance from 1961 to 2007 were included.
The search yielded over 1000 published articles and reports. Important reports and studies were reviewed, screened and tracked for further relevant publications. Only the most relevant publications are discussed with relation to individual members of the S100 family.
There is increasing evidence that altered expression of S100 family members is seen in many cancers including breast, lung, bladder, kidney, thyroid, gastric, prostate and oral cancers. S100 proteins are commonly up-regulated in tumours and this is often associated with tumour progression. In contrast S100A2, S100A11 and S100A9 have been documented as tumour suppressors in some cancers but as tumour promoters in others. This demonstrates the complexity of the family and variability of their functions. Although the precise roles of these proteins in cancer is still to be discovered many of the family are associated with promoting metastases through interactions with matrix metalloproteinases or by acting as chemoattractants. There is also evidence that some members can regulate transcription factors such as p53. S100B already has a role in a clinical setting in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of malignant melanoma. As our understanding of this family develops it is likely that many more members will aid the diagnosis, monitoring and potential treatment of cancers in the future.
为降低癌症的死亡率和发病率，人们不断努力寻找新的生物标志物，以辅助癌症的早期检测和肿瘤行为的准确预测。在多种肿瘤类型中，正逐渐成为潜在重要标志物组的一类蛋白质是S100家族。本综述总结了这些蛋白质与不同肿瘤类型相关的生物学和临床意义。
使用PubMed数据库及相关文章的参考文献列表进行文献检索。排除单病例研究，仅纳入1961年至2007年具有临床相关性的报告。
检索得到1000多篇已发表的文章和报告。对重要报告和研究进行了综述、筛选并追踪进一步的相关出版物。仅讨论与S100家族各成员最相关的出版物。
越来越多的证据表明，在许多癌症中，包括乳腺癌、肺癌、膀胱癌、肾癌、甲状腺癌、胃癌、前列腺癌和口腔癌，都可见S100家族成员的表达改变。S100蛋白在肿瘤中通常上调，这往往与肿瘤进展相关。相比之下，S100A2、S100A11和S100A9在某些癌症中被记录为肿瘤抑制因子，但在其他癌症中则为肿瘤促进因子。这证明了该家族的复杂性及其功能的变异性。尽管这些蛋白质在癌症中的确切作用仍有待发现，但该家族中的许多成员通过与基质金属蛋白酶相互作用或作为化学引诱剂，与促进转移有关。也有证据表明，一些成员可调节转录因子，如p53。S100B已在临床环境中用于恶性黑色素瘤的诊断和治疗监测。随着我们对这个家族的了解不断深入，未来很可能会有更多成员有助于癌症的诊断、监测和潜在治疗。
