Winter C, Macfarlane A, Deneux-Tharaux C, Zhang W-H, Alexander S, Brocklehurst P, Bouvier-Colle M-H, Prendiville W, Cararach V, van Roosmalen J, Berbik I, Klein M, Ayres-de-Campos D, Erkkola R, Chiechi L M, Langhoff-Roos J, Stray-Pedersen B, Troeger C
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
BJOG. 2007 Jul;114(7):845-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01377.x.
The EUropean Project on obstetric Haemorrhage Reduction: Attitudes, Trial, and Early warning System (EUPHRATES) is a set of five linked projects, the first component of which was a survey of policies for management of the third stage of labour and immediate management of postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal birth in Europe.
The objectives were to ascertain and compare policies for management of the third stage of labour and immediate management of postpartum haemorrhage in maternity units in Europe following vaginal birth.
Survey of policies.
The project was a European collaboration, with participants in 14 European countries.
All maternity units in 12 countries and in selected regions of two countries in Europe.
A postal questionnaire was sent to all or a defined sample of maternity units in each participating country.
Stated policies for management of the third stage of labour and the immediate management of postpartum haemorrhage.
Policies of using uterotonics for the management of the third stage were widespread, but policies about agents, timing, clamping and cutting the umbilical cord and the use of controlled cord traction differed widely. For immediate management of postpartum haemorrhage, policies of massaging the uterus were widespread. Policies of catheterising the bladder, bimanual compression and in the choice of drugs administered were much more variable.
Considerable variations were observed between and within countries in policies for management of the third stage of labour. Variations were observed, but to a lesser extent, in policies for the immediate management of postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal birth. In both cases, policies about the pharmacological agents to be used varied widely.
欧洲减少产科出血项目：态度、试验与预警系统（EUPHRATES）是一组五个相互关联的项目，其首个组成部分是对欧洲阴道分娩后第三产程管理及产后出血即时处理政策的调查。
目的是确定并比较欧洲各产科单位阴道分娩后第三产程管理及产后出血即时处理的政策。
政策调查。
该项目是一项欧洲合作项目，有来自14个欧洲国家的参与者。
欧洲12个国家以及另外两个国家选定地区的所有产科单位。
向每个参与国的所有或特定样本的产科单位发送邮政调查问卷。
所述的第三产程管理及产后出血即时处理政策。
使用宫缩剂管理第三产程的政策很普遍，但在药物、时机、钳夹和切断脐带以及使用控制性脐带牵引方面的政策差异很大。对于产后出血的即时处理，按摩子宫的政策很普遍。膀胱插管、双手压迫以及所用药物选择方面的政策差异更大。
各国之间以及国内在第三产程管理政策方面存在相当大的差异。在阴道分娩后产后出血即时处理政策方面也存在差异，但程度较小。在这两种情况下，关于所用药物制剂的政策差异很大。
