Lee Choonsik, Lee Choonik, Lodwick Daniel, Bolch Wesley E
Department of Nuclear and Radiological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8300, USA.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2007;127(1-4):227-32. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncm277. Epub 2007 Jun 13.
Computational anthropomorphic phantoms are computer models used in the evaluation of absorbed dose distributions within the human body. Currently, two classes of the computational phantoms have been developed and widely utilised for dosimetry calculation: (1) stylised (equation-based) and (2) voxel (image-based) phantoms describing human anatomy through the use of mathematical surface equations and 3-D voxel matrices, respectively. However, stylised phantoms have limitations in defining realistic organ contours and positioning as compared to voxel phantoms, which are themselves based on medical images of human subjects. In turn, voxel phantoms that have been developed through medical image segmentation have limitations in describing organs that are presented in low contrast within either magnetic resonance or computed tomography image. The present paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of these existing classes of computational phantoms and introduces a hybrid approach to a computational phantom construction based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surface animation technology that takes advantage of the most desirable features of the former two phantom types.
计算人体模型是用于评估人体内部吸收剂量分布的计算机模型。目前，已开发出两类计算模型并广泛用于剂量学计算：（1）程式化（基于方程）模型和（2）体素（基于图像）模型，它们分别通过使用数学表面方程和三维体素矩阵来描述人体解剖结构。然而，与基于人体受试者医学图像的体素模型相比，程式化模型在定义逼真的器官轮廓和定位方面存在局限性。反过来，通过医学图像分割开发的体素模型在描述磁共振或计算机断层扫描图像中对比度较低的器官时也存在局限性。本文综述了这些现有类型计算模型的优缺点，并介绍了一种基于非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）曲面动画技术的计算模型构建混合方法，该方法利用了前两种模型类型中最理想的特征。
