The interaction between semantic and the nonsemantic systems in reading: Evidence from Chinese.

We report a Chinese-speaking patient WJX with left temporal lobe ischemic damage resulting in dementia. Similar to English speaking patients with this pathology, WJX showed impaired semantic system functioning together with a well preserved ability to read aloud Chinese characters including characters with unpredictable mappings between orthography and phonology-so called irregular characters. The summation hypothesis [Hillis, A. E., & Caramazza, A. (1991). Mechanisms for accessing lexical representations for output-evidence from a category-specific semantic deficit. Brain and Language, 40, 106-144; Hillis, A. E., & Caramazza, A. (1995). Converging evidence for the interaction of semantic and sublexical phonological information in accessing lexical representations for spoken output. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 12, 187-227] proposes that the good reading performance can be explained by the integration of a semantic route of reading and a nonsemantic route. Most Chinese characters contain components that can give a clue to the pronunciation (phonetic radical) and the meaning (semantic radical) of the character. We compared his comprehension and oral reading performance by varying the consistency of phonetic radicals and the transparency of semantic radicals. We observed an interaction between WJX's character comprehension and the consistency of the phonetic radical on reading performance; however, the transparency of semantic radicals had no effect on performance. We argue that this case report provides converging evidence for the principles of the summation hypothesis for reading.