Kangasniemi Mari, Winters L Alan, Commander Simon
National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London, UK.
Soc Sci Med. 2007 Sep;65(5):915-23. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.021. Epub 2007 Jun 13.
The 'beneficial brain drain' hypothesis suggests that skilled migration can be good for a sending country because the incentives it creates for obtaining training increase that country's net supply of skilled labour. Necessary conditions for this hypothesis to work are that the possibility of migration significantly affects decisions to take medical training and that migrants are not strongly screened by the host country. We conducted a survey among overseas doctors in the UK in 2002, which suggested that neither condition is likely to be fulfilled. Apart from the 'beneficial brain drain' argument, the survey findings also cast light on the backgrounds and motives of migrant doctors, and finds evidence that there could, nonetheless, be other benefits to sending countries via routes like remittances and return migration.
“有益人才外流”假说认为，技术移民对移民输出国可能是有益的，因为它所创造的获取培训的激励措施增加了该国技术劳动力的净供给。这一假说成立的必要条件是，移民的可能性会显著影响接受医学培训的决策，且接收国对移民的筛选力度不大。我们在2002年对英国的海外医生进行了一项调查，结果表明这两个条件都不太可能得到满足。除了“有益人才外流”这一论点外，调查结果还揭示了移民医生的背景和动机，并发现有证据表明，通过汇款和回国移民等途径，移民输出国仍可能有其他益处。
