Ekendahl Mats
Addiction Research Group, Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Eur Addict Res. 2007;13(3):148-55. doi: 10.1159/000101551.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This exploratory study focuses on attitudes towards lifestyle change among untreated, voluntarily and compulsorily treated Swedish substance abusers (n = 97).
Attitudes were measured with scales on e.g. problem recognition, treatment readiness and the time perspective of future orientation. Subjects were categorised into 4 'addict types' according to their viewpoint on changing substance use habits, i.e. 'less change-willing': non-addicts (n = 16) and consonant addicts (n = 32); 'more change-willing': dissonant (n = 13) and transient addicts (n = 36).
It was shown that 'less change-willing' subjects had experienced less dependence disorders and expressed less treatment demand and motivation than 'more change-willing' subjects. A general measure of willingness to lifestyle change correlated with future orientation among 'more change-willing' subjects.
The study suggests that individuals' time perspectives ought to be considered when trying to illuminate the process of change and understand what attitudes exercise a positive influence on and are associated with successful lifestyle change efforts. The consistency of substance abusers' motivational structures over time and in different social contexts is discussed.
背景/目的：这项探索性研究聚焦于瑞典未接受治疗、自愿接受治疗和强制接受治疗的药物滥用者（n = 97）对生活方式改变的态度。
通过例如问题认知、治疗准备度以及未来导向的时间观念等量表来测量态度。根据受试者对改变药物使用习惯的观点，将其分为4种“成瘾类型”，即“较不愿改变”：非成瘾者（n = 16）和一致成瘾者（n = 32）；“较愿改变”：不一致成瘾者（n = 13）和短暂成瘾者（n = 36）。
结果显示，“较不愿改变”的受试者经历的依赖障碍较少，与“较愿改变”的受试者相比，其表达的治疗需求和动机也较少。在“较愿改变”的受试者中，生活方式改变意愿的总体测量与未来导向相关。
该研究表明，在试图阐明改变过程并理解哪些态度对成功的生活方式改变努力产生积极影响并与之相关时，应该考虑个体的时间观念。还讨论了药物滥用者动机结构在不同时间和社会背景下的一致性。
