[Breastfeeding trends in a State capital in the Central West region of Brazil, 1999-2004].

A cross-sectional study was held on the first day of the National Vaccination Campaign in 2004, in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, with the objective of identifying breastfeeding evolution from 1999 to 2004 during the first year of life. A two-stage sampling procedure was used, considering the numbers of vaccination units and children in each unit. A nutritional survey with a 24-hour food recall questionnaire was applied to 921 parents or accompanying persons of children less than one year of age. There was an increase in exclusive breastfeeding in all age brackets. At the end of six months, there were low percentages of infants in exclusive breastfeeding (< 5% in 1999 and < 10% in 2004). The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding doubled in five years in infants less than four months of age, from 17.7% to 28.5%. The measures taken to promote breastfeeding were effective, although insufficient in light of the serious situation. More such measures are needed to improve the existing programs.