Sena Maria Cristina Ferreira, Silva Eduardo Freitas da, Pereira Maurício Gomes
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, DF.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2007 Nov-Dec;53(6):520-4. doi: 10.1590/s0104-42302007000600020.
To estimate the prevalence of breastfeeding and of exclusive breastfeeding in Brazilian capital cities, in the 5 major geographical areas of Brazil and in the whole country, at the ages of 30, 120 and 180 days, as agreed among specialists.
Restudy of data from the population inquiry about breastfeeding in 25 capital cities and in the Federal District during a mass immunization campaign, on October 16th, 1999, National Day of Vaccination, supervised by one of the authors. The random sample of this study refers to 10,778 children, according to the ages mentioned above. The point and interval estimates (95% CI) were given for the capital cities and then extrapolated to the major geographical areas and to Brazil. The regression analysis was used on the SAS statistical program.
The estimated prevalence of breastfeeding in Brazil was 87.3% (CI 95%: 86.8-87.7) at the age of 30 days, 77.5% (77.1-78.0) at the age of 120 days and 68.6% (68.2-69.1) at the age of 180 days. The exclusive breastfeeding prevalence was 47.5% (46.4-48.5), 17.7% (17.2-18.3) and 7.7% (7.2-8.2) at the ages mentioned. At the age of 30 days, variation of the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding was wide, from 73.4% (Fortaleza) to 25.2% (Cuiabá). At the age of 180 days, the prevalence ranged from 16.9% in Belém to 2.8% in Cuiabá.
There was a moderate reduction of the prevalence of breastfeeding and a steep decline of the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding from birth to the age of 180 days. Important differences were noted in the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding among the capital cities surveyed.
按照专家共识，估算巴西各首府城市、巴西5个主要地理区域以及全国范围内30日龄、120日龄和180日龄儿童的母乳喂养率和纯母乳喂养率。
对1999年10月16日全国预防接种日大规模免疫接种活动期间，25个首府城市和联邦区关于母乳喂养情况的人口调查数据进行重新研究，由作者之一进行监督。本研究的随机样本涉及上述年龄段的10778名儿童。给出了首府城市的点估计值和区间估计值（95%置信区间），然后推算至主要地理区域和巴西全国。使用SAS统计程序进行回归分析。
巴西30日龄儿童母乳喂养率估计为87.3%（95%置信区间：86.8 - 87.7），120日龄为77.5%（77.1 - 78.0），180日龄为68.6%（68.2 - 69.1）。上述各年龄段的纯母乳喂养率分别为47.5%（46.4 - 48.5）、17.7%（17.2 - 18.3）和7.7%（7.2 - 8.2）。30日龄时，纯母乳喂养频率差异很大，从福塔莱萨的73.4%到库亚巴的25.2%。180日龄时，母乳喂养率从贝伦的16.9%到库亚巴的2.8%不等。
从出生到180日龄，母乳喂养率适度下降，纯母乳喂养率急剧下降。在所调查的首府城市中，纯母乳喂养频率存在显著差异。
