MacPherson Douglas W, Gushulak Brian D, Sandhu James
Migration Health Consultants Inc, Hartackerstrasse 77/2, Vienna, Austria.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2007 Jul;5(4):217-22. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2007.01.004. Epub 2007 Mar 26.
Systematic published reviews of national arrests of travellers abroad are rare. The pattern of arrest during international travel has implications for travellers and those involved in providing traveller services. There are also consequences for travellers who are arrested and detained abroad. The Consular Affairs Bureau, Foreign Affairs Canada assists Canadian civilians who are abroad. Beginning in 1995 the Consular Management and Operations System was used to track notifications of Canadian arrests abroad. This database was designed for the demographics, destinations, and reported causes of Canadians arrested abroad for 1996-2004. In this period, there were 6514 notifications of arrested Canadians abroad; 1024 (16%) females and 5490 (84%) males with an average age of 33.3 and 36.4 years, respectively. Recorded reasons for arrest were for females: drugs: 420 (41% of females arrested), violence: 75 (7%), other criminal acts: 198 (19%), immigration: 169 (17%), other minor causes: 20 (2%); and for males: drugs: 1554 (28% of males arrested), violence: 581 (11%), other criminal acts: 1468 (27%), immigration: 1056 (20%), other minor causes: 105 (1.9%); or the cause was not recorded for 142 women and 747 men. The USA was the most common host country for arrested Canadians. Alleged drug offences, other criminal activities, and immigration reasons were the most common cited reasons for arrest. Country of arrest reflected the pattern of Canadian international travel for recreation, business, and ancestral linkages. There are a wide-range of potential physical and mental health outcomes to arrest and imprisonment abroad that may be different in foreign jurisdictions due to language, culture, judicial processes and penalties imposed. The prison environment may also pose significant health risks.
关于在国外被捕的旅行者的全国性系统公开综述很少见。国际旅行期间的被捕模式对旅行者以及提供旅行服务的相关人员都有影响。对于在国外被捕并被拘留的旅行者也有相应后果。加拿大外交部领事事务局为身处国外的加拿大公民提供协助。从1995年开始，领事管理和操作系统被用于追踪加拿大公民在国外被捕的通知。该数据库针对1996年至2004年在国外被捕的加拿大人的人口统计学信息、目的地及所报告的被捕原因进行设计。在此期间，有6514起加拿大公民在国外被捕的通知；其中1024名（16%）为女性，5490名（84%）为男性，平均年龄分别为33.3岁和36.4岁。记录的女性被捕原因有：毒品：420起（占被捕女性的41%），暴力：75起（7%），其他犯罪行为：198起（19%），移民：169起（17%），其他轻微原因：20起（2%）；男性被捕原因有：毒品：1554起（占被捕男性的28%），暴力：581起（11%），其他犯罪行为：1468起（27%），移民：1056起（20%），其他轻微原因：105起（1.9%）；另有142名女性和747名男性的被捕原因未记录。美国是加拿大公民被捕最常见的东道国。涉嫌毒品犯罪、其他犯罪活动和移民原因是最常被提及的被捕原因。被捕国家反映了加拿大公民出于娱乐、商务和祖籍联系而进行国际旅行的模式。在国外被捕和被监禁可能会带来广泛的潜在身心健康后果，由于语言、文化、司法程序和所施加的刑罚不同，这些后果在外国司法管辖区可能会有所不同。监狱环境也可能带来重大健康风险。
