Lillehoj H S, Kim C H, Keeler C L, Zhang S
Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Poult Sci. 2007 Jul;86(7):1491-500. doi: 10.1093/ps/86.7.1491.
With increasing consumer demands for safe poultry products, effective control of disease-causing pathogens is becoming a major challenge to the poultry industry. Many chicken pathogens enter the host through the gastrointestinal tract, and over the past few decades, in-feed antibiotics and active vaccination have been the 2 main mechanisms of disease control. However, increasing public concerns are prompting government regulations on the use of growth-promoting drugs in animal production, and the ability of current vaccines to protect against emerging hypervirulent strains of pathogens is becoming an issue. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative control strategies against poultry pathogens of economic importance as well as to carry out basic research to enhance understanding of host-pathogen interactions at local sites of infection. Effective control strategies against pathogens can only be accomplished by comprehensive analysis of the basic immunobiology of host-pathogen interactions. Recent sequencing of the poultry genome and the availability of several tissue-specific cDNA microarrays are facilitating the rapid application of functional immunogenomic technologies to poultry disease research. Studies using functional genomic, immunology, and bioinformatic approaches have provided novel insights into disease processes and protective immunity to chicken pathogens. In this review, we summarize recent published literature concerning the host response to Eimeria and Salmonella infections with emphasis on our studies using immunogenomic tools to investigate and characterize the mechanisms of avian immunity to these mucosal pathogens. The results clearly indicate that this immunogenomic approach will lead to increased understanding of immune responses to infectious agents that will enable the development of effective prevention strategies against mucosal pathogens.
随着消费者对安全禽产品的需求不断增加，有效控制致病病原体正成为家禽业面临的一项重大挑战。许多鸡病原体通过胃肠道进入宿主，在过去几十年里，饲料中添加抗生素和主动接种疫苗一直是疾病控制的两种主要机制。然而，公众日益增加的担忧促使政府对动物生产中使用促生长药物进行监管，而且目前疫苗抵御新出现的高毒力病原体菌株的能力也正成为一个问题。因此，有必要制定针对具有经济重要性的家禽病原体的替代控制策略，并开展基础研究以增进对感染局部部位宿主-病原体相互作用的理解。只有通过全面分析宿主-病原体相互作用的基本免疫生物学，才能实现针对病原体的有效控制策略。家禽基因组的近期测序以及几种组织特异性cDNA微阵列的可得性，正推动功能免疫基因组技术在家禽疾病研究中的快速应用。使用功能基因组学、免疫学和生物信息学方法进行的研究，为鸡病原体的疾病过程和保护性免疫提供了新的见解。在本综述中，我们总结了最近发表的有关宿主对艾美耳球虫和沙门氏菌感染反应的文献，重点是我们使用免疫基因组工具来研究和表征禽类对这些黏膜病原体免疫机制的研究。结果清楚地表明，这种免疫基因组方法将有助于增进对感染因子免疫反应的理解，从而能够制定针对黏膜病原体的有效预防策略。
