Jebessa Endashaw, Zou Xian, Berihulay Haile, Ayalew Wondossen, He Yanhua, Chuxiao Lin, Zhao Zhifeng, Qu Hao, Bello Semiu Folaniyi, Chen Peng, Ji Jian, Nie Qinghua, Luo Chenglong
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Poult Sci. 2025 Jul 17;104(10):105560. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105560.
The poultry industry is one of the fastest-growing subsectors in agriculture, serving as a primary source of protein for the increasing global population. However, chickens carry many fatal diseases that compromise their welfare and negatively affect productivity. Among these, coccidiosis, an intestinal disease caused by Eimeria protozoan parasites, affects multiple animal species and represents a major threat to the poultry industry. Eimeria parasites invade the host cell through a distinctive process, depending on gliding motility, and require a transmembrane link between the host cell and parasite cytoskeleton. Each species invades intestinal epithelial cells in a specific gut region, leading to varying tissue damage and morbidity levels. Understanding the preliminary host-parasite interactions is crucial to revealing Eimeria species' conduct and cellular immune responses mediating the primary and secondary coccidian infection, which can inform the development of effective immunological strategies. The interaction between Eimeria invasion proteins and intestinal epithelial cells provokes a moderate immune response marked by elevated IFN-γ and IL-10 production in chickens. In this review, we highlight recent breakthroughs in understanding the Eimeria parasites that affect the host intestinal tract, emphasizing parasite invasion mechanisms, transmission dynamics, host immune responses, coccidian control mechanisms, and the interaction between host microbiota and coccidia. In conclusion, advancing our understanding of Eimeria invasion mechanisms and coccidia control requires a complex approach that combines cutting-edge molecular insights with innovative therapeutic strategies.
家禽产业是农业中发展最快的子行业之一，是全球人口增长所需蛋白质的主要来源。然而，鸡携带许多致命疾病，这些疾病会损害它们的健康并对生产力产生负面影响。其中，球虫病是一种由艾美耳属原生动物寄生虫引起的肠道疾病，会影响多种动物物种，对家禽产业构成重大威胁。艾美耳属寄生虫通过一种独特的过程侵入宿主细胞，这一过程依赖于滑行运动，并且需要宿主细胞与寄生虫细胞骨架之间的跨膜连接。每个物种都会侵入特定肠道区域的肠上皮细胞，导致不同程度的组织损伤和发病率。了解宿主与寄生虫之间的初步相互作用对于揭示艾美耳属物种的行为以及介导原发性和继发性球虫感染的细胞免疫反应至关重要，这可以为有效的免疫策略的开发提供信息。艾美耳属入侵蛋白与肠上皮细胞之间的相互作用会引发适度的免疫反应，其特征是鸡体内干扰素-γ和白细胞介素-10的产生增加。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了在了解影响宿主肠道的艾美耳属寄生虫方面的最新突破，强调了寄生虫的入侵机制、传播动态、宿主免疫反应、球虫控制机制以及宿主微生物群与球虫之间的相互作用。总之，要加深我们对艾美耳属入侵机制和球虫控制的理解，需要一种将前沿分子见解与创新治疗策略相结合的复杂方法。
