Wise John C, Kim Ki, Hoffmann Eric J, Vandervoort Christine, Gökçe Ayhan, Whalon Mark E
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1311, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2007 Aug;63(8):737-42. doi: 10.1002/ps.1414.
In this study the authors employed the plant-insect-chemistry (PIC) triad to investigate two novel life stage targets against the plum curculio (PC), Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), in apple integrated pest management (IPM). Laboratory treated apple bioassays were used to determine if the insect growth regulator (IGR) insecticides novaluron and tebufenozide have physiological effects on PC larvae following adult exposure. Curative activity bioassays were conducted for IGR, neonicotinoid, oxidiazine and organophosphate insecticides on PC larvae post-infestation, and fruit penetration profiles of insecticides were developed. The results revealed that novaluron exhibits activity on PC larvae via vertical transmission following exposure of mated females to treated substrate. Surface treatments of azinphos-methyl, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam to preinfested fruit resulted in significant reductions in larval emergence. For all compounds, 50% or more of the total recovered active ingredient was from apple skin, and for azinphos-methyl, indoxacarb and thiamethoxam it was greater than 80%. For azinphos-methyl, novaluron, methoxyfenozide and thiacloprid, however, active ingredient was recovered from every section of the apple, from skin to core. Implications for twenty-first century IPM are discussed.
在本研究中，作者采用植物-昆虫-化学（PIC）三元组，在苹果综合虫害管理（IPM）中研究针对李象甲（PC），即苹果象甲（Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst)）的两个新的发育阶段靶标。实验室处理的苹果生物测定用于确定昆虫生长调节剂（IGR）杀虫剂诺瓦隆和虫酰肼在成虫接触后对PC幼虫是否具有生理作用。对IGR、新烟碱类、恶二嗪类和有机磷类杀虫剂在PC幼虫侵染后进行了治疗活性生物测定，并绘制了杀虫剂的果实渗透曲线。结果表明，在已交配的雌虫接触处理过的基质后，诺瓦隆通过垂直传播对PC幼虫表现出活性。对预先侵染的果实进行甲基谷硫磷、噻虫啉和噻虫嗪的表面处理，可显著减少幼虫羽化。对于所有化合物，回收的活性成分总量的50%或更多来自苹果皮，对于甲基谷硫磷、茚虫威和噻虫嗪，这一比例超过80%。然而，对于甲基谷硫磷、诺瓦隆、甲氧虫酰肼和噻虫啉，从苹果的各个部分，从果皮到果核，都回收了活性成分。文中讨论了对21世纪IPM的启示。
