Fontal Monica Rodriguez, Kerrison John B, Garcia Reinaldo, Oria Veronica
Retina and Neuro-Ophthalmology Division, Charleston Neuroscience Institute, Charleston, South Carolina 29414-5741, USA.
Semin Neurol. 2007 Jul;27(3):221-32. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-979686.
Ischemic optic neuropathies (IONs) are the most frequent acute optic neuropathy in patients older than 50 years. They are classified according to the location of the ischemic damage into anterior ION and posterior ION. Ischemic optic neuropathies may also be categorized based on the presence or absence of temporal arteritis as an underlying etiology. Anterior ION presents with sudden, painless visual loss developing over hours to days. Examination findings usually include decreased visual acuity, a visual field defect, color vision loss, a relative afferent pupillary defect, and a swollen optic nerve head. Posterior ION occurs in arteritic, nonarteritic, and surgical settings. It is characterized by acute vision loss without initial disc edema but with subsequent optic disc atrophy.
缺血性视神经病变（IONs）是50岁以上患者中最常见的急性视神经病变。根据缺血性损伤的部位，它们可分为前部缺血性视神经病变和后部缺血性视神经病变。缺血性视神经病变也可根据是否存在颞动脉炎这一潜在病因进行分类。前部缺血性视神经病变表现为在数小时至数天内突然发生的无痛性视力丧失。检查结果通常包括视力下降、视野缺损、色觉丧失、相对传入性瞳孔障碍以及视神经乳头肿胀。后部缺血性视神经病变发生于动脉炎性、非动脉炎性和手术情况下。其特征是急性视力丧失，起初视盘无水肿，但随后出现视神经盘萎缩。
