Colombi A
Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Clinica del Lavoro L. Devoto, Università degli Studi di Milano.
Med Lav. 1991 Jul-Aug;82(4):299-313.
Waste disposal currently constitutes a major public health problem in Italy and other industrialized countries. In view of the increasing volume of waste accumulated and disposed of without control, there is now an ever pressing need for regulated disposal that involves minimum risk for the environment and the community. Hence a new industrial sector has emerged that is highly specialized and varied, on account of the wide field of activity and technology, from collection and storage of refuse, processing and definitive disposal, to reclamation and improvement of illegal dumps. The industrial waste sector has not been fully developed and it is currently believed that most disposal is performed without sanitary control. Little attention has been given to the environmental impact of these operations and similarly little is known of the possible health effects for the operators. Acquisition of toxicological and health data is therefore essential to establish correct and appropriate regulations for the development of this industrial sector. An objective risk evaluation will require filling in many information gaps, which are partly the results of a natural uncertainty surrounding any innovative process, but are above all due to the vastness of the problem that is not easily defined in concrete terms as regards types of waste and number of operators involved.
目前，废物处理在意大利和其他工业化国家构成了一个重大的公共卫生问题。鉴于未经控制而积累和处置的废物量不断增加，现在迫切需要进行规范处置，以将对环境和社区的风险降至最低。因此，一个新的工业部门应运而生，由于其活动领域和技术广泛，从垃圾的收集和储存、处理及最终处置，到非法垃圾场的修复和整治，该部门高度专业化且形式多样。工业废物部门尚未得到充分发展，目前人们认为大多数处置活动都没有卫生监管。这些作业对环境的影响很少受到关注，同样，对于操作人员可能产生的健康影响也知之甚少。因此，获取毒理学和健康数据对于为该工业部门的发展制定正确和适当的法规至关重要。客观的风险评估需要填补许多信息空白，这些空白部分是由于任何创新过程都存在自然的不确定性，但首先是由于问题的广泛性，就废物类型和相关操作人员数量而言，很难用具体术语进行界定。
