Takafuji T, Sato Y
First Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 1991 Aug;68(2-3):171-85. doi: 10.2535/ofaj1936.68.2-3_171.
We examined the entire array of branches and the state of ramification of each branch of 144 subclavian arteries (Su) in 72 Japanese adults, and obtained the following findings. (1) The incidence of Type I -A(1) was 13.2%, the highest among the entire Su ramification. This was followed by Type I -B(1) at 9.0%, then Type I -A(2) at 6.9%, indicating considerable variation in the morphology of Su ramification. (2) Ontogenetic factors were implicated because of the existence of cases in which Su traversed the scalenus anterior muscle anteriorly (Type III: 0.7%), or was transfixed (0.7%). (3) Type 1-c was the form of thyrocervical trunk (Ttc) observed with the highest incidence of 31.3%. In addition, we propose that Types a-j (that were formed from a common trunk consisting only of the ascending cervical artery and inferior thyroid artery, and those in which another branch was included in this common trunk: 88.9%) be called Ttc. (4) The most common type of transverse cervical artery (Tc), which is formed from a common trunk consisting of superficial and deep branches, was found to be Type 1-a that branches from the first part of Ttc. It was observed with the highest incidence of 61.8%. Some of the superficial branches to the upper portion of the trapezius muscle that were independent and branched from Ttc (Types e, f: 2.8%), we called upper superficial branches. (5) The most frequently observed type of suprascapular artery (Ss) was Type b (38.2%), followed by Type a (25.7%), which branches independently from Su. We concluded that the sites at which Tc and Ss originate are the positions at which they traverse the brachial plexus (superior, transfixed to the plexus). (6) In cases in which the supreme intercostal artery (Is) and the deep cervical artery (Cp) were separate, (Types d-i excluding Type g: 31.9%), Is branched from a more proximal position than Cp.
我们检查了72名日本成年人的144条锁骨下动脉（Su）的所有分支及其各分支的分支状态，得到以下结果。（1）I -A(1)型的发生率为13.2%，在整个锁骨下动脉分支中最高。其次是I -B(1)型，为9.0%，然后是I -A(2)型，为6.9%，这表明锁骨下动脉分支形态存在相当大的差异。（2）由于存在锁骨下动脉向前穿过前斜角肌的情况（III型：0.7%）或被贯穿的情况（0.7%），提示存在个体发育因素。（3）1 -c型是观察到的甲状腺颈干（Ttc）的形式，发生率最高，为31.3%。此外，我们建议将a -j型（由仅由颈升动脉和甲状腺下动脉组成的共同干形成，且该共同干包含另一个分支的类型：88.9%）称为甲状腺颈干。（4）由浅支和深支组成的共同干形成的最常见的颈横动脉（Tc）类型是从甲状腺颈干第一部分分支的1 -a型。其发生率最高，为61.8%。一些独立于甲状腺颈干并从其分支至斜方肌上部的浅支（e、f型：2.8%），我们称为上浅支。（5）最常观察到的肩胛上动脉（Ss）类型是b型（38.2%），其次是a型（25.7%），a型独立于锁骨下动脉分支。我们得出结论，颈横动脉和肩胛上动脉的起源部位是它们穿过臂丛神经的位置（上方，贯穿神经丛）。（6）在最高肋间动脉（Is）和颈深动脉（Cp）分开的情况下（d -i型，不包括g型：31.9%），最高肋间动脉比颈深动脉从更近端的位置分支。
