Cevasco Andrea M, Grant Roy E
The University of Georgia, USA.
J Music Ther. 2003 Spring;40(1):41-56. doi: 10.1093/jmt/40.1.41.
Many of the noted problems associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) sometimes can be delayed, retarded, or even reversed with proper exercise and interaction with the environment. An overwhelming body of research efforts has revealed that music activity brings about the greatest degree of responsiveness, including exercise, in clients with AD; yet, specific techniques which elicit the greatest amount of physical responses during the music activities remain unidentified. The purpose of this study was two-fold: comparing two methods of intervention and comparing responses to vocal versus instrumental music during exercise and exercise with instruments. In Experiment 1 the authors compared 2 treatment conditions to facilitate exercise during music activities: (a) verbalizing the movement for each task once, one beat before commencing, followed by visual cueing for the remainder of the task; (b) verbal and visual cueing for each revolution or change in rhythm for the duration of the task. Data collection over 38 sessions consisted of recording the participation of each client at 30-second intervals for the duration of each treatment condition, indicating at each interval whether the client was participating in the designated movement (difficult), participating in exercise approximating the designated movement (easy), or not participating. Results indicated that the continuous verbal cueing/easy treatment elicited significantly greater participation than one verbal cue/difficult treatment, p <.05. Furthermore, the approximation/precise response (easy) resulted in significantly greater responses than the precise response (difficult), p < .001. In Experiment 2 the responses to types of music, vocal versus instrumental, during types of activities, exercise with and without instruments, were examined. Data were collected over 26 sessions, 52 activities, in the same 2 assisted living facilities as those in Experiment 1, but one year later Results indicated that both the type of activity and the type of music had some effect on participation. Also, data indicated participation in exercise to instrumental music was significantly greater than exercise with instruments to vocal music, p <.05.
许多与阿尔茨海默病（AD）相关的显著问题，有时通过适当的锻炼以及与环境的互动，可以得到延缓、减缓，甚至逆转。大量的研究工作表明，音乐活动能在患有AD的患者中引发最大程度的反应，包括锻炼；然而，在音乐活动中引发最大量身体反应的具体技巧仍未明确。本研究的目的有两个：比较两种干预方法，以及比较在锻炼过程中对声乐与器乐的反应，还有使用乐器进行锻炼时的反应。在实验1中，作者比较了两种在音乐活动期间促进锻炼的治疗条件：（a）在开始每项任务前一拍，将每个任务的动作表述一次，然后在任务剩余时间进行视觉提示；（b）在任务持续期间，针对每次旋转或节奏变化进行言语和视觉提示。在38次疗程中收集的数据包括，在每个治疗条件持续期间，以30秒为间隔记录每个患者的参与情况，表明在每个间隔患者是在参与指定动作（困难）、参与近似指定动作的锻炼（容易），还是未参与。结果表明，持续言语提示/容易治疗比一次言语提示/困难治疗引发了显著更多的参与，p <.05。此外，近似/精确反应（容易）比精确反应（困难）产生了显著更多的反应，p <.001。在实验2中，研究了在不同类型的活动（使用乐器和不使用乐器进行锻炼）中，对声乐与器乐这两种音乐类型的反应。在与实验1相同的2个辅助生活设施中，一年后进行了26次疗程、52项活动的数据收集。结果表明，活动类型和音乐类型都对参与有一定影响。此外，数据表明参与器乐锻炼的程度显著高于参与声乐带乐器锻炼，p <.05。
