Benn Torres J, Kittles R A, Stone A C
Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Ann Hum Genet. 2007 Nov;71(Pt 6):782-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00380.x. Epub 2007 Jun 27.
The transatlantic slave trade lasted over three centuries and represents one of the largest forced migrations in human history. The biological repercussions are not well understood especially in African-Caribbean populations. This paper explores the effects of the forced migration, isolation, and admixture on genetic diversity using mitochondrial and Y chromosome markers for 501 individuals from Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Thomas, St. Vincent, and Trinidad. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure analyses of mitochondrial data and Y chromosome data indicate that there was no post-migration loss in genetic diversity in the African derived lineages. Genetic structure was observed between the islands for both genetic systems. This may be due to isolation, differences in the number and source of Africans imported, depopulation of indigenous populations, and/or differences in colonization history. Nearly 10% of the individuals belonged to a non-African mitochondrial haplogroup. In contrast, Y chromosome admixture estimates showed that there was nearly 30% European contribution to these Caribbean populations. This study sheds light on the history of Africans in the Americas as well as contributing to our understanding of the nature and extent of diversity within the African Diaspora.
跨大西洋奴隶贸易持续了三个多世纪，是人类历史上规模最大的强迫移民之一。其生物学影响尚未得到充分理解，尤其是在非洲裔加勒比人群体中。本文利用线粒体和Y染色体标记，对来自多米尼克、格林纳达、牙买加、圣基茨、圣卢西亚、圣托马斯、圣文森特和特立尼达的501名个体进行研究，探讨强迫移民、隔离和混合对遗传多样性的影响。线粒体数据和Y染色体数据的遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析表明，非洲血统谱系在移民后遗传多样性没有损失。在两个遗传系统中，各岛屿之间均观察到了遗传结构。这可能是由于隔离、进口非洲人的数量和来源差异、当地人口减少以及/或者殖民历史的差异。近10%的个体属于非非洲线粒体单倍群。相比之下，Y染色体混合估计显示，欧洲人对这些这些这些加勒比人群体的贡献近30%。这项研究揭示了美洲非洲人的历史，也有助于我们理解非洲散居群体多样性的性质和程度。
