Cicogna P, Cavallero C, Bosinelli M
University of Bologna, Italy.
Am J Psychol. 1991 Fall;104(3):413-25.
Upon nighttime experimental awakening of 27 subjects in four sleep conditions (sleep onset early; sleep onset late; Stage 2; and rapid eye movement, REM, sleep), 108 dream reports and their association reports were collected. Dream reports were analyzed for length (temporal units) and content categories (continuity; implausibility; presence of the dreamer [i.e., "the self"], a setting, characters). Associations were classified as episodic, abstract self-referred, and semantic memories. The two sets of results tend to show a basic homogeneity among mentation reports in the four sleep conditions considered. These findings are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that the same cognitive mechanisms operate, at different levels of engagement, in dream generation rather than the hypothesis of multiple dream-generation systems dependent upon the physiological characteristics of the various sleep stages.
在夜间对处于四种睡眠状态（入睡早；入睡晚；第二阶段；快速眼动睡眠，即REM睡眠）的27名受试者进行实验唤醒后，收集了108份梦境报告及其联想报告。对梦境报告进行了长度（时间单位）和内容类别（连贯性；不可信度；做梦者[即“自我”]的出现、场景、人物）分析。联想被分类为情景记忆、抽象自我参照记忆和语义记忆。这两组结果倾向于表明，在所考虑的四种睡眠状态下，思维报告之间存在基本的同质性。这些发现被解释为支持这样一种假设，即相同的认知机制在不同的参与水平上参与梦境生成，而不是支持依赖于各个睡眠阶段生理特征的多个梦境生成系统的假设。
