Cicogna P C, Natale V, Occhionero M, Bosinelli M
Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Sleep. 1998 Aug 1;21(5):462-70. doi: 10.1093/sleep/21.5.462.
The aims of the experiment were: (1) to establish the proportion of sleep stages in morning spontaneous awakening and to observe whether any stage-dependent differences can be found in the mentation reports; and (2) to compare the characteristics of mental activity during sleep onset (SO) and during the latest sleep period. One hundred forty-four dream reports and their association reports were collected from 36 subjects in a lab experimental design. Dream reports were analyzed as to structure (length, narrative continuity), content (self, setting, lab references, nonself characters, dimensional distortions, body feelings, bizarreness and emotions), and awareness (reality testing). Associations were classified as episodic, abstract self-referred, and semantic memories. The morning awakenings results were not affected by the stage of sleep during which dreaming occurs. SO reports prevalently show a lifelike nature, while sleep-offset reports are prevalently dreamlike. On the other hand, there seems to be a similar availability of mnemonic systems in the two sleep conditions.
（1）确定早晨自然觉醒时睡眠阶段的比例，并观察在思维报告中是否能发现任何与阶段相关的差异；（2）比较入睡期（SO）和最近睡眠期的心理活动特征。在实验室实验设计中，从36名受试者那里收集了144份梦境报告及其联想报告。对梦境报告进行了结构（长度、叙事连贯性）、内容（自我、场景、实验室相关内容、非自我角色、维度扭曲、身体感觉、怪诞性和情感）以及意识（现实检验）方面的分析。联想被分类为情景记忆、抽象自我参照记忆和语义记忆。早晨觉醒的结果不受做梦时睡眠阶段的影响。入睡期报告普遍呈现逼真的性质，而睡眠结束期报告普遍呈现梦境般的性质。另一方面，在两种睡眠状态下，记忆系统的可用性似乎相似。
