Lieberman Philip, Decker Wyatt, Camargo Carlos A, Oconnor Robert, Oppenheimer John, Simons F Estelle
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007 Jun;98(6):519-23. doi: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60729-6.
Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death. Allergists and emergency department (ED) physicians recognize the need for multidisciplinary efforts to increase public awareness of anaphylaxis, improve patient education, and enhance emergency and long-term management for the millions of Americans at risk for anaphylactic reactions.
To provide an overview of the scientific literature documenting inconsistencies and limitations in the management of anaphylaxis in the ED, to highlight the need to enhance ED discharge instructions and patient education materials, and to introduce the SAFE system, an aid to improve the ongoing management and avoidance of factors that contribute to anaphylaxis.
An expert panel of allergists and ED physicians was convened by the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and the American College of Emergency Physicians to develop recommendations for educational materials on anaphylaxis for ED personnel and patients.
The panel developed the acronym SAFE, a mnemonic device to remind physicians of the 4 basic action steps suggested for the care of a patient with anaphylaxis: (1) Seek support, (2) Allergen identification and avoidance, (3) Follow-up for specialty care, and (4) Epinephrine for emergencies.
The SAFE system is designed as a tool to raise awareness of anaphylaxis and its treatments among individuals at risk and the ED personnel charged with their care. Future studies need to examine the impact of the SAFE system in decreasing the morbidity and mortality rates associated with anaphylaxis and other severe allergic reactions.
过敏反应是一种起病迅速的严重过敏反应，可能导致死亡。过敏症专科医生和急诊科医生认识到需要开展多学科合作，以提高公众对过敏反应的认识，改善患者教育，并加强对数百万有过敏反应风险的美国人的应急和长期管理。
概述科学文献中记录的急诊科过敏反应管理方面的不一致性和局限性，强调加强急诊科出院指导和患者教育材料的必要性，并介绍安全（SAFE）系统，这是一种有助于改善过敏反应持续管理和避免促成过敏反应因素的辅助工具。
美国过敏、哮喘与免疫学会和美国急诊医师学会召集了一个由过敏症专科医生和急诊科医生组成的专家小组，为急诊科工作人员和患者制定关于过敏反应的教育材料建议。
该小组制定了首字母缩写词SAFE，这是一种助记工具，可提醒医生对过敏反应患者进行护理时建议采取的4个基本行动步骤：（1）寻求支持，（2）识别并避免过敏原，（3）跟进专科护理，（4）使用肾上腺素应对紧急情况。
安全（SAFE）系统旨在作为一种工具，提高有风险个体以及负责护理他们 的急诊科工作人员对过敏反应及其治疗方法的认识。未来的研究需要考察安全（SAFE）系统在降低与过敏反应及其他严重过敏反应相关的发病率和死亡率方面的影响。
