Dolinski Claudia, Lacey Lawrence A
Univ. Estadual do Norte Fluminense, CCTA, LEF, Av. Alberto Lamego, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
Neotrop Entomol. 2007 Mar-Apr;36(2):161-79. doi: 10.1590/s1519-566x2007000200001.
A multitude of insects and mites attack fruit crops throughout the tropics. The traditional method for controlling most of these pests is the application of chemical pesticides. Growing concern on the negative environmental effects has encouraged the development of alternatives. Inundatively and inoculatively applied microbial control agents (virus, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes) have been developed as alternative control methods of a wide variety of arthropods including tropical fruit pests. The majority of the research and applications in tropical fruit agroecosystems has been conducted in citrus, banana, coconut, and mango. Successful microbial control initiatives of citrus pests and mites have been reported. Microbial control of arthropod pests of banana includes banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (with EPNs and fungi) among others Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) is one of the most important pests of coconut and one of the most successful uses of non-occluded virus for classical biological control. Key pests of mango that have been controlled with microbial control agents include fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) (with EPNs and fungi), and other pests. Also successful is the microbial control of arthropod pests of guava, papaya and pineapple. The challenge towards a broader application of entomopathogens is the development of successful combinations of entomopathogens, predators, and parasitoids along with other interventions to produce effective and sustainable pest management.
在整个热带地区，大量昆虫和螨虫会侵害水果作物。控制这些害虫的传统方法是施用化学农药。对负面环境影响的日益关注促使人们开发替代方法。已开发出大量和接种式施用的微生物控制剂（病毒、细菌、真菌和昆虫病原线虫）作为包括热带水果害虫在内的多种节肢动物的替代控制方法。热带水果农业生态系统中的大多数研究和应用都在柑橘、香蕉、椰子和芒果领域开展。已有关于柑橘害虫和螨虫的成功微生物控制措施的报道。香蕉节肢动物害虫的微生物控制包括香蕉象甲，即香蕉球茎象甲（鞘翅目：象甲科）（使用昆虫病原线虫和真菌）等。椰心叶甲是椰子最重要的害虫之一，也是非包涵体病毒在经典生物防治中最成功的应用实例之一。已用微生物控制剂控制的芒果主要害虫包括果蝇（双翅目：实蝇科）（使用昆虫病原线虫和真菌）以及其他害虫。番石榴、木瓜和菠萝的节肢动物害虫的微生物控制也取得了成功。昆虫病原生物更广泛应用面临的挑战是开发昆虫病原生物、捕食者和寄生蜂的成功组合以及其他干预措施，以实现有效且可持续的害虫管理。
