Zhuang Ziqing, Bradtmiller Bruce, Shaffer Ronald E
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal ProtectiveTechnology Laboratory, 626 Cochran's Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007 Sep;4(9):647-59. doi: 10.1080/15459620701497538.
The fit test panels currently used for respirator research, design, and certification are 25-subject panels developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and are based on data from the 1967 and 1968 anthropometric surveys of U.S. Air Force personnel. Military data do not represent the great diversity in face size and shape seen in civilian populations. In addition, the demographics of the U.S. population have changed over the last 30 years. Thus, it is necessary to assess and refine the LANL fit test panels. This paper presents the development of new respirator fit test panels representative of current U.S. civilian workers based on an anthropometric survey of 3,997 respirator users conducted in 2003. One panel was developed using face length and face width (bivariate approach) and weighting subjects to match the age and race distribution of the U.S. population as determined from the 2000 census. Another panel was developed using the first two principal components obtained from a set of 10 facial dimensions (age and race adjusted). These 10 dimensions are associated with respirator fit and leakage and can predict the remaining face dimensions well. Respirators designed to fit these panels are expected to accommodate more than 95% of the current U.S. civilian workers. Both panels are more representative of the U.S. population than the existing LANL panel and may be appropriate for testing both half-masks and full-face piece respirators. Respirator manufacturers, standards development organizations, and government respirator certification bodies need to select the appropriate fit test panel for their particular needs. The bivariate panel is simpler to use than the principal component analysis (PCA) panel and is most similar to the LANL panel currently used. The inclusion of the eight additional facial measurements allows the PCA panel to provide better criteria for excluding extreme face sizes from being used. Because the boundaries of the two new panels are significantly different from the LANL panel, it may be necessary to develop new respirator sizing systems. A new five-category sizing system is proposed.
目前用于呼吸器研究、设计和认证的适配性测试面板是由洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室（LANL）开发的包含25个对象的面板，其基于1967年和1968年美国空军人员人体测量调查的数据。军事数据并不能代表 civilian populations 中所见的面部尺寸和形状的巨大多样性。此外，美国人口的人口统计学特征在过去30年中发生了变化。因此，有必要评估和完善LANL适配性测试面板。本文介绍了基于2003年对3997名呼吸器使用者进行的人体测量调查，开发代表当前美国 civilian workers 的新型呼吸器适配性测试面板的过程。一个面板是使用脸长和脸宽（双变量方法）并对对象进行加权以匹配根据2000年人口普查确定的美国人口的年龄和种族分布而开发的。另一个面板是使用从一组10个面部维度（年龄和种族调整后）获得的前两个主成分开发的。这10个维度与呼吸器的适配性和泄漏相关，并且可以很好地预测其余面部维度。设计为适合这些面板的呼吸器预计可容纳超过95%的当前美国 civilian workers。这两个面板都比现有的LANL面板更能代表美国人口，并且可能适用于测试半面罩和全面罩呼吸器。呼吸器制造商、标准制定组织和政府呼吸器认证机构需要根据其特定需求选择合适的适配性测试面板。双变量面板比主成分分析（PCA）面板更易于使用，并且与当前使用的LANL面板最相似。包含另外八个面部测量值使PCA面板能够提供更好的标准，以排除极端面部尺寸的使用。由于这两个新面板的边界与LANL面板有很大不同，可能有必要开发新的呼吸器尺寸系统。提出了一种新的五类尺寸系统。
