Kane Michael J, Brown Leslie H, McVay Jennifer C, Silvia Paul J, Myin-Germeys Inez, Kwapil Thomas R
University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2007 Jul;18(7):614-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01948.x.
An experience-sampling study of 124 undergraduates, pretested on complex memory-span tasks, examined the relation between working memory capacity (WMC) and the experience of mind wandering in daily life. Over 7 days, personal digital assistants signaled subjects eight times daily to report immediately whether their thoughts had wandered from their current activity, and to describe their psychological and physical context. WMC moderated the relation between mind wandering and activities' cognitive demand. During challenging activities requiring concentration and effort, higher-WMC subjects maintained on-task thoughts better, and mind-wandered less, than did lower-WMC subjects. The results were therefore consistent with theories of WMC emphasizing the role of executive attention and control processes in determining individual differences and their cognitive consequences.
一项针对124名本科生的经验取样研究，这些学生预先接受了复杂记忆广度任务的测试，该研究考察了工作记忆容量（WMC）与日常生活中走神体验之间的关系。在7天时间里，个人数字助理每天向受试者发出8次信号，要求他们立即报告自己的思绪是否已从当前活动中游离，并描述他们的心理和身体状况。WMC调节了走神与活动认知需求之间的关系。在需要集中注意力和付出努力的具有挑战性的活动中，高WMC的受试者比低WMC的受试者更能保持专注于任务的思绪，走神也更少。因此，研究结果与强调执行性注意力和控制过程在决定个体差异及其认知后果中作用的WMC理论相一致。
