Yin Bao-Fa, Huai Hu-Yin, Zhang Yi-Li, Le Zhou, Wei Wan-Hong
College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2007 Apr;18(4):766-70.
Interspecies competition is the main factor determining the trophic niche width of sympatric species on both ecological and evolutionary levels. In August 2004, a microscopic analysis of feces was made to analyze the diet compositions of Pantholops hodgsoni, Procapra picticaudata and Equus kiang under free-living circumstances between Chuma River and Wudaoliang in the Kekexili National Nature Reserve. The trophic niche widths and overlaps of these herbivorous ungulates were calculated based on the diet compositions, and the results showed that these three ungulates had similar foods, but the proportions of their diet compositions were different. Gramineous plants were the main food sources for P. hodgsoni, P. picticaudata and E. kiang, accounting for 58.7%, 44.57% and 92.28% of the diet, respectively. The trophic niche widths of P. hodgsoni, P. picticaudata and E. kianthese were 0.878, 0.735 and 0.695, and the niche overlaps of P. hodgsoni and E. kiang, P. hodgsoni and P. picticaudata, and E. kiang and P. picticaudata were 0.869, 0.985 and 0.785, respectively, which suggested that there was a potential intense competition among them, especially for P. hodgsoni and P. picticaudata. The relations between competition and coexistence among P. hodgsoni, P. picticaudata and E. kiang were discussed from the viewpoints of their ecological characteristics and trophic ecology.
种间竞争是在生态和进化层面上决定同域物种营养生态位宽度的主要因素。2004年8月，对可可西里国家级自然保护区楚玛尔河与五道梁之间自由生活状态下的藏羚、藏原羚和藏野驴的粪便进行了微观分析，以分析其食物组成。基于食物组成计算了这些食草有蹄类动物的营养生态位宽度和重叠度，结果表明这三种有蹄类动物食物相似，但食物组成比例不同。禾本科植物是藏羚、藏原羚和藏野驴的主要食物来源，分别占食物组成的58.7%、44.57%和92.28%。藏羚、藏原羚和藏野驴的营养生态位宽度分别为0.878、0.735和0.695，藏羚与藏野驴、藏羚与藏原羚、藏野驴与藏原羚的生态位重叠度分别为0.869、0.985和0.785，这表明它们之间存在潜在的激烈竞争，尤其是藏羚和藏原羚。从它们的生态特征和营养生态学角度讨论了藏羚、藏原羚和藏野驴之间竞争与共存的关系。
