Glauser Roland, Zembic Anja, Ruhstaller Petra, Windisch Simone
J Prosthet Dent. 2007 Jun;97(6 Suppl):S59-68. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(07)60009-2.
Numerous studies have demonstrated the feasibility and predictability of immediate implant loading or immediate implant restoration. However, most of these studies report primarily short-term outcomes.
The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to document the 5-year outcome of immediate occlusally loaded implants with an oxidized, microtextured surface placed to support fixed prostheses in various regions of the jaws.
Thirty-eight patients received a total of 51 implant-supported fixed prostheses, 29 mandibular and 22 maxillary, the day of implant insertion. Thirty were fixed partial dentures (FPDs), 20 replaced single teeth, and 1 was a fixed mandibular complete denture. The restorations were supported by 102 slightly tapered, screw-type implants, the majority of which were placed in posterior regions (88%) and primarily in soft bone quality (76%). Patients with ongoing signs of parafunctional habits were not included. All implants were placed using conventional flap procedures. Treatment with local regenerative procedures in connection with implant placement was accepted within the study design. Resonance frequency implant stability measurements and marginal periimplant soft tissue evaluations were conducted. Radiographic examinations were performed at the time of prosthesis insertion, at 1-and 6-month follow-ups, and annually at the 1- through 5-year follow-up visits. This report presents the results after 5 years of loading, summarized with descriptive statistics.
Three maxillary implants were removed, although stable, in 1 patient at the 8-week follow-up due to postoperative infection in the adjacent guided bone regeneration (GBR) area. No additional implants were lost. This resulted in a cumulative implant success rate of 97.1% after 5 years of prosthetic loading. The mean marginal bone remodeling (SD) after 5 years of function was 1.54 (0.99) mm. At the 5-year examination, absence of marginal plaque and absence of bleeding on probing was reported for 75% and 74% of the sites, respectively, and remained generally unchanged from the 1-month follow-up.
The 5-year follow-up data indicate that an immediate loading protocol using a slightly tapered implant design with an oxidized, microtextured surface is a successful treatment alternative in regions exhibiting soft bone quality.
众多研究已证实即刻种植体加载或即刻种植体修复的可行性和可预测性。然而，这些研究大多主要报告短期结果。
这项前瞻性临床研究的目的是记录即刻咬合加载的、表面经过氧化处理且具有微纹理的种植体，用于支持颌骨不同区域的固定修复体的5年随访结果。
38例患者在种植体植入当天共接受了51个种植体支持的固定修复体，其中下颌29个，上颌22个。30个为固定局部义齿（FPD），20个用于替换单颗牙齿，1个为下颌固定全口义齿。修复体由102颗微锥形、螺丝型种植体支持，其中大多数种植体位于后部区域（88%），且主要植入软骨质骨（76%）。有持续性副功能习惯体征的患者未纳入。所有种植体均采用传统翻瓣手术植入。在研究设计范围内，允许在种植体植入时结合局部再生手术进行治疗。进行了种植体稳定性的共振频率测量和种植体周围边缘软组织评估。在修复体植入时、1个月和6个月随访时以及1至5年随访时每年进行影像学检查。本报告呈现了加载5年后的结果，并采用描述性统计进行总结。
在1例患者中，3颗上颌种植体在8周随访时因相邻引导骨再生（GBR）区域的术后感染被拔除，尽管这些种植体原本稳定。未再有其他种植体丢失。这导致修复体加载5年后种植体的累积成功率为97.1%。功能5年后的平均边缘骨重塑（标准差）为1.54（0.99）mm。在5年检查时，分别有75%和74%的位点报告无边缘菌斑且探诊无出血，与1个月随访时相比总体保持不变。
5年随访数据表明，使用表面经过氧化处理且具有微纹理的微锥形种植体设计的即刻加载方案，在表现为软骨质骨的区域是一种成功的治疗选择。
