Huntsman A C, White N G
Biological Anthropology Section, Department of Genetics, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
Ann Hum Biol. 2007 Jul-Aug;34(4):411-24. doi: 10.1080/03014460701366373.
Bali has undergone rapid economic modernization over the past 30 years, however, very few anthropometric studies have examined the impact of modernization variables on the nutritional status of Balinese children.
The study examined the relationships between variables associated with the modernization process on the nutritional status of Balinese children in 1989/1990, as assessed by anthropometrics.
The mean height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age of 691 preschool children from nine localities across Bali were reported by age group and gender and related to the degree of modernization (using such parameters as household wealth and education level of the mother) and other variables such as the age, weight and height of the mother.
Using the CDC/WHO 1978 growth references (Dibley et al. 1978), overall 35% of children were stunted (height-for-age <-2 SD), 22% were underweight (weight-for-age <-2 SD), 5% were wasted (weight-for-height <-2 SD) and 6% were overweight (weight-for-height >2 SD). The nutritional status of infants was significantly better than that of older children with growth faltering most evident during the second year of life. Maternal height and weight, the age of the child and wealth index were significantly associated with height-for-age of children, while the age of the child, maternal weight and family size were significantly associated with weight-for-height and weight-for-age of children.
Maternal height and weight, wealth index and the age of the child were key factors influencing the body size for age of Balinese children. The strong association between maternal and child nutritional status was most likely due to environmental rather than genetic factors.
在过去30年里，巴厘岛经历了快速的经济现代化，然而，很少有人体测量学研究考察现代化变量对巴厘岛儿童营养状况的影响。
本研究通过人体测量学评估了1989/1990年与现代化进程相关的变量与巴厘岛儿童营养状况之间的关系。
报告了巴厘岛九个地区691名学龄前儿童按年龄组和性别的年龄别身高、身高别体重和年龄别体重，并将其与现代化程度（使用家庭财富和母亲教育水平等参数）以及其他变量（如母亲的年龄、体重和身高）相关联。
使用美国疾病控制与预防中心/世界卫生组织1978年生长参考标准（迪布利等人，1978年），总体上35%的儿童发育迟缓（年龄别身高<-2标准差），22%的儿童体重不足（年龄别体重<-2标准差），5%的儿童消瘦（身高别体重<-2标准差），6%的儿童超重（身高别体重>2标准差）。婴儿的营养状况明显优于大龄儿童，生长发育迟缓在生命的第二年最为明显。母亲的身高和体重、儿童年龄和财富指数与儿童的年龄别身高显著相关，而儿童年龄、母亲体重和家庭规模与儿童的身高别体重和年龄别体重显著相关。
母亲的身高和体重、财富指数和儿童年龄是影响巴厘岛儿童年龄别身体大小的关键因素。母婴营养状况之间的强关联很可能是由于环境而非遗传因素。
