Gross Charles G
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
J Hist Neurosci. 2007 Jul-Sep;16(3):320-31. doi: 10.1080/09647040600630160.
In 1870 Gustav Fritsch and Edvard Hitzig showed that electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex of a dog produced movements. This was a crucial event in the development of modern neuroscience because it was the first good experimental evidence for a) cerebral cortex involvement in motor function, b) the electrical excitability of the cortex, c) topographic representation in the brain, and d) localization of function in different regions of the cerebral cortex. This paper discusses their experiment and some developments in the previous two centuries that led to it including the ideas of Thomas Willis and Emanuel Swedenborg, the widespread interest in electricity and the localizations of function of Franz Joseph Gall, John Hughlings Jackson, and Paul Broca. We also consider the subsequent study of the motor cortex by David Ferrier and others.
1870年，古斯塔夫·弗里奇和爱德华·希齐格证明，对狗的大脑皮层进行电刺激会引起运动。这是现代神经科学发展中的一个关键事件，因为它是以下几点的首个有力实验证据：a）大脑皮层参与运动功能；b）皮层的电兴奋性；c）大脑中的拓扑表征；d）大脑皮层不同区域的功能定位。本文讨论了他们的实验以及在此之前两个世纪中导致该实验的一些发展情况，包括托马斯·威利斯和伊曼纽尔·斯韦登伯格的观点、对电的广泛兴趣以及弗朗茨·约瑟夫·加尔、约翰·休林斯·杰克逊和保罗·布洛卡的功能定位理论。我们还会考虑大卫·费里尔等人随后对运动皮层的研究。
